In Japanese grammar, it is used along with "verb" to express a concept higher than the so-called parts of speech. For example, in the grammatical theory of Shinkichi Hashimoto, which forms the theoretical background of school grammar, "shi" (= independent words) are broadly divided into "verb, noun, adjunct verb, and interjection." According to Hashimoto, "noun" includes so-called "noun, pronoun, and numeral," but these distinctions are due to differences in meaning, and there is no difference in function, so there is no need to distinguish between them. Semantically, "noun" expresses a substantial concept, functionally it can take the nominative or objective case, and morphologically it has the characteristic of not undergoing inflection (conjugation), but the content of the noun can change depending on which of these is emphasized. For example, "adverb" is classified as "adjunct verb" in Hashimoto's grammar, but because it does not undergo inflection, it is sometimes considered a type of "noun." [Yamaguchi Yoshinori] [Reference] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
日本文法の用語で、「用言」などとともに、いわゆる品詞より上位の概念を表すために用いられる。たとえば、学校文法の理論的背景をなす橋本進吉の文法論では、「詞(し)(=自立語)」を大きく「用言・体言・副用言・感動詞」に分ける。なお、橋本によれば、「体言」には、いわゆる「名詞・代名詞・数詞」が含まれるが、それらの別は語義の相違によるもので、職能には差がないから、区別する必要がないとされる。「体言」は、意味的には実体概念を表し、職能的には主格・目的格などにたつことができ、形態的には語形変化(活用)をしないという特徴をもつが、そのうちのいずれを重視するかによって、体言の中身が変わることがある。たとえば、「副詞」は、橋本文法では「副用言」に分類されるが、語形変化をしないという点から、「体言」の一種とみなされることがある。 [山口佳紀] [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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