A classification of physique types based on external features. The theories of Germany's Kretschmer and America's Sheldon are widely known regarding body type, temperament, and personality. Kretschmer pointed out the affinity between a thin (slender) body type and an introverted temperament, a plump (obese) body type and a cyclothymic temperament, and a muscular (fighting) body type and an adherent temperament. Sheldon's three types of body measurements, endodermal, mesodermal, and ectodermal, are thought to correspond to Kretschmer's obese, muscular, and slender types, respectively. [Katsuo Yamazaki] [Reference] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
体格を外見の特徴によって分類した型のこと。体型と気質、性格に関しては、ドイツのクレッチマーとアメリカのシェルドンの理論が広く知られている。クレッチマーは、やせ型(細長型)の体型と内閉性気質、ふとり型(肥満型)と循環性気質、筋骨型(闘士型)と粘着性気質の親和性を指摘した。シェルドンの身体計測による、内胚葉(はいよう)型、中胚葉型、外胚葉型の3類型は、クレッチマーの肥満型、筋骨型、細長型にそれぞれ対応すると考えられている。 [山崎勝男] [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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