Ninth Symphony - Daiku Koukyoukyoku (English title) Die neunte Symphonie

Japanese: 第九交響曲 - だいくこうきょうきょく(英語表記)Die neunte Symphonie
Ninth Symphony - Daiku Koukyoukyoku (English title) Die neunte Symphonie

Beethoven's final symphony (in D minor, Op. 125). It is commonly known as the "Choral Symphony" because it includes vocal parts in the fourth movement. It took a quarter of a century to compose, counting from the time it was first conceived, and premiered in Vienna in 1824, conducted by Beethoven himself, who had become deaf.

Not only is it a large-scale work that takes over an hour to perform, but it also shows the composer's strong intention to break away from the traditional symphony structure by placing a slow movement as the third of a four-movement structure. A particularly notable feature is the incorporation of a four-part soloist and a four-part chorus, based on Schiller's ode "Ode to Joy," into the symphony, a representative form of pure instrumental music. The method of assembling a large-scale piece with a final movement as the goal was highly praised by Romantic composers as an example. As the work settles everything and ends with a eulogy of humanism, it is often performed on celebratory occasions, and in Japan it has become customary to perform a concentrated number of pieces at the end of the year to close out the year.

[Yukio Miyake]

"Everything about the Ninth Symphony" by Hiromi Takekawa (1977, Japan Broadcasting Publishing Association)

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

ベートーベン作曲の最後の交響曲(ニ短調・作品125)。第四楽章に声楽を加えているので、「合唱付き交響曲」と通称される。作曲は、最初の構想から数えると四半世紀にわたり、1824年ウィーンで、耳の聴こえなくなっていたベートーベン自身の指揮により初演。

 演奏に1時間以上要する規模の大きさもさることながら、四楽章構成の第三番目に緩徐楽章を配置するなど、従来の交響曲の図式を打ち破ろうとする作曲者の強い意図が表れた作品である。とりわけ純粋器楽の代表的形式である交響曲に、シラーの頌歌(しょうか)『歓喜に寄す』をテクストとした四声の独唱と四声の合唱を取り入れた点が大きな特徴といえよう。そして終楽章を目標に大規模な音楽を組み立てる作法は、ロマン派の作曲家たちに模範として高く評価された。すべてを清算し、最後にヒューマニズムをたたえて終わる内容から、祝祭的な機会に演奏されることが多く、わが国では1年の締めくくりとして年末に集中して演奏する習慣が定着している。

[三宅幸夫]

『武川寛海著『「第九」のすべて』(1977・日本放送出版協会)』

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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