Salisbury, Harrison Evans

Japanese: ソールズベリー（英語表記）Salisbury， Harrison Evans

Born: November 14, 1908 in Minneapolis, Minnesota
[Died] July 5, 1993. Providence, Rhode Island. American journalist and author. After graduating from the University of Minnesota, he joined the UP Press and worked in bureaus in Chicago, New York, London, Moscow, and other locations. In 1949, he moved to the New York Times, where he served as Moscow bureau chief for five years. In 1955, he won the Pulitzer Prize for international reporting for a series of articles on the Soviet Union. After returning to the United States, he served as assistant editor (1964-1972) and associate editor (1972-1974), and was editor of the features page from 1970 to 1973. In 1971, as one of the top editors, he caused a stir by approving the publication of an article exposing the Pentagon Papers, a secret document compiled by the Department of Defense that summarized the causes of the escalation of the Vietnam War and its progress. He was also known as an expert on China and the Soviet Union, and wrote books such as Russia on the Way (1946), The 900 Days: The Siege of Leningrad (1969), and The New Emperors: China in the Era of Mao and Deng (1992).

Salisbury
Salisbury

New Sarum is a city in the southeast of Wiltshire, southern England, United Kingdom. It was formerly called New Sarum. It is located about 35km northwest of Southampton, at the confluence of the River Avon and its tributary, the River Wylie. It began as a Roman town called Sorbiodunum, which was established in Old Sarum, on the northern outskirts of the city, and developed into an important town under the Saxons. A castle was built by the Normans in the late 11th century, and a bishop's seat was established in 1075, but conflicts between the castle owner and the bishop soon intensified, and a new cathedral was built in 1220 with permission from the Pope to move the bishop's seat (see Salisbury Cathedral). Today's town developed around this cathedral, and in the Middle Ages it prospered in the wool and woolen textile industry, and later became known for its cutlery manufacturing. It is an agricultural distribution center with livestock and poultry markets, as well as machinery, brewing, leather, and printing industries. The city center has preserved its medieval streetscape, and about 13 km north-northwest of the city is the archaeologically important prehistoric site Stonehenge, making tourism an important industry. Population: 43,355 (2001).

Salisbury
Salisbury

A city in North Carolina, USA. It is located about 100 km southwest of Greensboro, in the foothills of gently rolling mountains. It was settled in the mid-18th century and named after Salisbury in England. It was one of the six largest cities in colonial times, and the town still retains traces of its past. It was once a town of textile mills and a repair shop for the Southern Railroad, but today there are only a variety of small factories producing textiles, building materials, and furniture. Wheat production, livestock farming, and dairy farming are carried out in the surrounding area. Catawba College, founded in 1851, and Livingston University, founded in 1879, are both located in the city. Population 23,087 (1990).

Salisbury
Salisbury

A city in southern Maryland, USA. Founded in 1732, it was originally called Wilshire. Buildings such as Old Green Hill and All Hallows Church remain, which tell of its colonial history. It is a transportation hub and commercial center in the central and southern Delmarva Peninsula. Agricultural product processing and tourism are also important industries in the city. Population 20,592 (1990).

Salisbury

Please see the "Harare" page.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

[生]1908.11.14. ミネソタ，ミネアポリス
[没]1993.7.5. ロードアイランド，プロビデンス
アメリカのジャーナリスト，著述家。ミネソタ大学卒業後，UP通信に入りシカゴ，ニューヨーク，ロンドン，モスクワなどの支局を回った。 1949年にニューヨーク・タイムズに移り，モスクワ支局長を5年間務め，1955年にはソ連に関連する一連の記事でピュリッツァー賞 (国際報道部門) を受賞。帰国後，編集次長 (1964～72年) ，副編集長 (1972～74年) を歴任し，1970年から 1973年まで，特集ページの編集長を務めた。 1971年にはアメリカ国防総省が，ベトナム戦争の深刻化要因とその経過をまとめた秘密文書「ペンタゴン・ペーパーズ」 Pentagon Papersを暴露する記事の掲載を編集トップの一人として承認して大きな反響を巻き起こした。中国，ソ連の専門家としても知られ『途上のロシア』 Russia on the Way (1946) ，『攻防 900日　包囲されたレニングラード』 The 900 Days: The Siege of Leningrad (1969) ，『ニュー・エンペラー』 The New Emperors: China in the Era of Mao and Deng (1992) などの著書を残している。

ソールズベリー
Salisbury

イギリス，イングランド南部，ウィルトシャー南東部の都市。旧称はニューサラム New Sarum。サウサンプトンの北西約 35km，エーボン川とその支流のワイリー川の合流点に位置する。市の北郊オールドサラムに築かれたローマ人の町ソルビオドゥヌム Sorbiodunumに始まり，サクソン人（ザクセン人）のもとで重要な町に発展。11世紀後半ノルマン人によって城が建設され，1075年には司教座が置かれたが，まもなく城主と司教の抗争が激化し，ローマ教皇から司教座を移す許可を得て，1220年新しい大聖堂が建設された（→ソールズベリー大聖堂）。今日の町はこの大聖堂のまわりに発展したもので，中世には羊毛・毛織物工業で繁栄，のち刃物類の製造で知られるようになった。農業地帯の集散地で，家畜・家禽市場があるほか，機械，ビール醸造，皮革，印刷などの工業が立地する。市街中心部には中世の町並みが保存され，また市の北北西約 13kmには考古学上重要な先史時代の遺跡ストーンヘンジなどがあるため，観光業も重要な産業となっている。人口 4万3355（2001）。

ソールズベリー
Salisbury

アメリカ合衆国，ノースカロライナ州の都市。グリーンズバラの南西約 100km，起伏のゆるやかな山麓地帯に位置する。 18世紀中頃に入植，イギリスのソールズベリーにちなんで命名された。植民地時代には六大都市の一つに数えられていたほどの町で，市街はいまなお昔の面影を残す。かつては織物工場とサザン鉄道の修理工場の町であったが，現在は織物，建材，家具など多種の町工場があるにすぎない。近隣地域ではコムギの生産，牧畜，酪農などが行われる。 1851年創立のカトーバ大学，79年創立のリビングストン大学がある。人口2万 3087 (1990) 。