Sky pulling machine - Sky pulling machine

Japanese: 空引機 - そらひきはた
Sky pulling machine - Sky pulling machine

When it is desired to express a pattern on a woven fabric, variously dyed warp and weft threads are put on a loom and manipulated to produce the pattern. A primitive loom can be made by hand regardless of time, but to operate it mechanically, a loom was made that was equipped with a heddle mechanism in which the desired pattern was already organized into thread sets, and the heddle worker who operates this, also known as the heddle worker, operates the threads that are connected to the heddle threads that are connected to each other. This heddle loom, which was developed in China by the Han dynasty, can faithfully repeat and weave complex patterned weaves. This loom was spread from China to both the east and west along with weaving techniques.

The looms that were introduced to Japan in the 5th century were institutionalized under the central government's Kanshi system and were used to weave high-quality fabrics, and later continued to be used to weave many fabrics for nobles, mainly Nishijin. However, after the Meiji period, they were replaced by Jacquard looms from Western Europe, and disappeared during the Taisho period. In addition, the empty looms that were introduced to the west from China are still in use today, with old medieval looms that were brought to the New World from the Middle East, India, and Spain remaining in Guatemala.

[Kadoyama Yukihiro]

[Reference] | Loom

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

織物に文様を表したいとき、いろいろに染色しておいた経緯(たてよこ)糸を織機にかけて操作し文様を表すことになる。これには原始機を時間に関係なく、手の先で組織してつくりだすことはできるが、これを機械的に操作できるものとして、あらかじめ必要とする文様を糸組みにして組織しておいた空引機構を装置しておいた機がつくられ、それを操作する空引工(紋綜(もんそう)工)、単に綜(へ)工ともよぶが、この織工に相対して、それぞれに連なる綜絖(そうこう)糸に連絡してある通糸(つうじ)を操作することになる。中国で漢代までに開発されたこの空引機は、複雑な紋織組織を忠実に反復して織り出すことができる。この機は、中国から東西に分かれて織技とともに伝播(でんぱ)することになる。

 5世紀にわが国に伝播した機は、中央の官司(かんし)制のもとで制度化され、高級織物を製織することになり、のちには、西陣(にしじん)を中心として、多くの公家(くげ)織物を製織しつづけてきた。しかし、明治以後には、西欧からのジャカード織機にとってかわられ、大正期には消滅することになった。また、中国から西に伝播した空引機は、現在では、中近東、インド、あるいはスペインから新大陸に渡った中世の古い機が、グアテマラに残存しており、現在でも使用されている。

[角山幸洋]

[参照項目] | 織機

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

<<:  Broad bean (fava bean) - Broad bean (English spelling)

>>:  Solar House - Sorahausu (English spelling) solar house

Recommend

Earth Gourd - Earth Gourd

A mushroom of the Basidiomycete, Gastromycete, or...

knowledge industry

In a broader sense, it refers to industries relat...

Arman

…Junk art, which mainly uses waste from industria...

roux blond (English spelling) rouxblond

… There are two types of binders that thicken sau...

Kayu Manis - Kayu Manis

…There is also Malayan (or Javanese) cinnamon, in...

Scomber japonicus (English spelling) Scomber japonicus

…General term for marine fish belonging to the Sc...

Edwin Smith Papyrus

…These scientific knowledge were written down on ...

Numancia

…the battle between the Romans and the Celtic Ibe...

Tororoaoi (Yellow Shu Aoi) - Tororoaoi (English spelling) sunset hibiscus

A perennial plant of the Malvaceae family native t...

Bonded system

A system under the Customs Act that reserves the ...

The Kyoho Famine

A great famine lasted from the autumn of 1732 (Ky...

Gałczyński, KI (English spelling)

...W. Broniewski, a proletarian poet who continue...

Jemdet Nasr (English spelling)

...A culture dating from around 3200 to 3100 BCE,...

Diamond, IAL (English spelling) DiamondIAL

…American film director. Also known as a screenwr...

Ishida style

〘Noun〙 One of the pieces in shogi. It was started ...