Sensitization

Japanese: 増感 - ぞうかん（英語表記）sensitization

(1) A process to increase the sensitivity of photographic materials. Broadly speaking, there are chemical sensitization (sensitization development), which makes a material sensitive to even small amounts of light, and spectral sensitization (also called color sensitization or optical sensitization), which makes a material sensitive to light with wavelengths longer than the wavelength range specific to the material. Increasing the effect of spectral sensitization is called supercolor sensitization (also called strong sensitization or strengthened sensitization). Chemical sensitization includes reduction sensitization, which adds reducing substances or reducing gelatin to the emulsion, sulfur sensitization, which adds sulfur compounds or gelatin containing them, and metal sensitization, which adds gold salts or platinum salts. In the case of spectral sensitization, a sensitizing dye is added. There is also a method called supersensitization, in which a film that already has an emulsion coated with it is treated with a reducing solution before exposure to increase the sensitivity several times. (2) In a photochemical reaction, a substance added to the reactant first absorbs light and becomes excited, and the excitation energy promotes the reaction.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

(1) 写真感光材料の感光性を高める処理。大別して，光量が小さくても感光するようにする化学増感 (増感現像) と，感光材料に固有の波長域よりも長波長の光にも感光するようにする分光増感 (色増感，光学増感ともいう) とがある。分光増感の効果をより高めることを超色増感 (強増感，強化増感ともいう) という。化学増感には，感光乳剤に還元性物質や還元性ゼラチンを添加する還元増感，硫黄化合物やそれを含むゼラチンを添加する硫黄増感，金塩，白金塩を添加する金属増感があり，分光増感の場合は感光色素が添加される。なお，露光前に，すでに乳剤を塗布されているフィルムを還元性溶液で処理して感度を数倍高める超増感という方法もある。 (2) 光化学反応で，反応物質に添加された物質がまず光を吸収して，励起され，その励起エネルギーが反応を促進することをいう。

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