A group of mosses along with liverworts and hornworts. All plant bodies have differentiated stems and leaves, upright or horizontal stems, and multicellular, branched rhizoids. Many stems have differentiated central bundles. Many leaves have a midrib, and most are composed of a single layer of cells except for the midrib. They are dioecious or monoecious. The archegonia are sometimes at the apex of the main stem, and sometimes at the end of the branches. The young capsules of the sporophyte have a cap (moss cap), and the mouth part has differentiated capsule teeth. There are about 15,000 known species in about 80 families, including Polytrichum, Sphagnum, and Polytrichum. They grow in all environments around the world except seawater, but the most common species are found in the tropics, and several dozen species are found in Antarctica and the Arctic. [Hiroshi Inoue] [Reference] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
苔(たい)類、ツノゴケ類と並ぶコケ植物の一群。植物体はすべて茎、葉の分化がみられ、茎は直立または横にはい、仮根は多細胞からなっていて、分枝する。茎には中心束が分化するものが多い。葉には中肋(ちゅうろく)をもつものが多く、中肋部以外では、ほとんどが一層の細胞からなる。雌雄異株または同株。造卵器は主茎の頂端につく場合と、枝の先につく場合がある。胞子体の若い蒴(さく)には帽(ぼう)(蘚帽)があり、口部には蒴歯が分化する。スギゴケ科、ミズゴケ科、クロゴケ科など約80科1万5000種が知られている。海水中を除く世界各地のあらゆる環境下で生育がみられるが、熱帯圏にもっとも多くの種類がみられ、南極大陸や北極圏にも数十種が分布している。 [井上 浩] [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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