Sengoku Policy - Sengoku Saku

A book compiled by Liu Xiang in the late Western Han Dynasty in China. When Liu Xiang organized the books in the Emperor's library, he found bamboo slips entitled "National Strategies," "National Affairs," "Short and Long," and "Revised Books." All of these were strategies devised by campaigners during the Warring States period who planned to participate in the politics of various countries and for their own countries. Liu Xiang arranged them roughly in chronological order by country, eliminated duplications, and created a single book with 33 chapters, which he named "Strategies for the Warring States." It was annotated by Gao You of the Later Han Dynasty, but by the beginning of the Northern Song Dynasty, much of it had been lost, and it was largely restored by Zeng Gong, and engraved by Yao Hong of the Southern Song Dynasty (1146). Bao Biao also rearranged the chapters according to the dates of each story and wrote a book with his own annotations (1147). Yao's version is 33 volumes in total, while Bao's version is 10 volumes in total. Bao's version has annotations by Wu Shidao of the Yuan Dynasty (published in 1365). The political strategies, many of which are entrusted to Su Qin, Zhang Yi, and others, seem to be intended to train the art of wisdom and wide-ranging speech, with little interest in historical fact and even novel-like. The writings, along with the Records of the Grand Historian, are considered a model for classical Chinese writers. Among the silk scrolls (written on thin silk) excavated from Tomb No. 3 in Mawangdui, Changsha in 1973-74, the "original version of the Warring States Strategy" before Liu Xiang's compilation can be seen.

[Mitsuo Kondo]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

中国、前漢末に劉向(りゅうきょう)が編纂(へんさん)した書。劉向が天子の書庫の蔵書を整理したとき、「国策」「国事」「短長」「修書」などと題する竹簡の残余があり、みな戦国のときの遊説(ゆうぜい)の士が、国々の政治への参与を企てその国のためにたてた策謀であったので、劉向は国別にしたものに基づいて、ほぼ年代順に整え、重複を削り、一書33篇(へん)とし『戦国策』と名づけた。後漢(ごかん)の高誘(こうゆう)が注したが、北宋(ほくそう)の初めには多く散逸していたのを曽鞏(そうきょう)がほぼ復原し、南宋(なんそう)の姚宏(ようこう)が刻した（1146）。別に鮑彪(ほうひゅう)は個々の物語の年次を考えて篇章を移し替え、かつ自ら注した本を刻した（1147）。姚本は全33巻、鮑本は全10巻。鮑本には元の呉(ご)師道の校注がある（1365刊）。多く蘇秦(そしん)・張儀(ちょうぎ)らに託して記される権謀術策は、奇知縦横の言論の習錬を意図するようで、史実には関心薄く、小説的でさえある。その文章は『史記』とともに古文家の範とされる。1973～74年長沙馬王堆(ちょうさまおうたい)3号墓から出土した帛書(はくしょ)（うす絹に書かれた文字）のなかに劉向編定以前の「戦国策原本」がみられる。

［近藤光男］

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