Emperor Juntoku

Japanese: 順徳天皇 - じゅんとくてんのう

Year of death: Ninji 3.9.12 (1242.10.7)
Year of birth: 10th September 1197 (22nd October 1197)
An emperor in the early Kamakura period. His given name was Morinari. He reigned from 1210 to 1221. He was the third son of Emperor Gotoba. His mother, Shumeimon'in Shigeko, was the daughter of Fujiwara Norisuke, who was given the rank of Junior Second Rank (posthumously awarded the title of Minister of the Left) and who raised Gotoba. She served Gotoba under the name Nijo no Tsubone and gained his favor, becoming his beloved wife. As his mother was the adopted daughter of Gotoba's confidant, Lady Kyonii, Juntoku was born at the residence of Lady Kyonii, and is believed to have been raised by Lady Kyonii until he was taken to his father's palace at the age of three in 1199. In November of the same year, Juntoku became a prince, and in April of the following year, he became the crown prince. He came of age in December 1208. In November 1210, he ascended to the throne at the age of 14. During this time, Juntoku lived with his father, but often used the residence of his foster father, Fujiwara Norimichi, as his palace. After ascending to the throne, he was placed in the Kan'in Imperial Palace. During his reign, he was under the cloistered rule of Emperor Gotoba, so he did not participate in government affairs, but instead devoted himself to studying court etiquette and customs, and to training in the arts, such as waka, poetry, and music and instrumental music. His books include the Kinpisho, which describes the official affairs and customs of the Imperial Palace, and the role of the Emperor and his aides, and the Yakumo Gosho, which is a compilation of traditional theories on poetry. He participated in Emperor Gotoba's plan to overthrow the shogunate (the Jokyu War), and in preparation for this, he abdicated in April 1221 (Jokyu 3) to Crown Prince Kanenari (Emperor Chukyo) just before the war. However, after the defeat of the war, he was exiled to Sado in July of the same year, and died in exile. After the exile, he was called Sado-in, but in 1249 (Kencho 1), he was posthumously named Juntoku-in.

(Kiyoko Akiyama)

Source: Asahi Japanese Historical Biography: Asahi Shimbun Publications Inc. About Asahi Japanese Historical Biography

Japanese:

没年：仁治3.9.12(1242.10.7)
生年：建久8.9.10(1197.10.22)
鎌倉前期の天皇。諱は守成。在位は承元4(1210)～承久3(1221)。後鳥羽天皇の第3皇子。母の修明門院重子は後鳥羽を養育した従二位(贈左大臣正一位)藤原範季の娘で,二条局と称して後鳥羽に仕え,寵を得て愛妃となった。その母が後鳥羽の腹心の女房卿二位の養女であったために,順徳は卿二位邸で誕生し,正治1(1199)年に3歳で父院の御所に引き取られるまで,卿二位に育てられたとみられる。同年11月親王となり,翌2年4月東宮となる。承元2(1208)年12月元服。同4(1210)年11月,14歳で即位。この間,父と同居したが,しばしば乳父藤原範光邸を御所とした。即位後の内裏は閑院であった。在位中は後鳥羽の院政下であったため,政務にあずかることはなく,有職故実の研究や,和歌,詩,管弦など芸能の修練に傾倒した。著書に,内裏の公事・故実,天皇や側近のあり方などを記した『禁秘鈔』や従来の歌論を集大成した『八雲御抄』などがある。後鳥羽上皇の討幕計画(承久の乱)に参画し,それに備えるため乱の直前の承久3(1221)年4月,東宮懐成(仲恭天皇)に譲位した。しかし乱の敗退で同年7月佐渡に配流され,配所で崩じた。配流後は佐渡院と称されたが,建長1(1249)年,順徳院と追号された。

(秋山喜代子)

出典　朝日日本歴史人物事典：（株）朝日新聞出版朝日日本歴史人物事典について　情報

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