Hypoglossal nerve

Japanese: 舌下神経 - ぜっかしんけい
Hypoglossal nerve

The 12th cranial nerve is a purely motor nerve that distributes to the tongue muscle. The hypoglossal nerve emerges from between the pyramid of the medulla oblongata and the olive (an oblong-shaped bulge on the outer posterior side of the pyramid). The tongue muscle consists of the intrinsic tongue muscle (muscle of the tongue proper) that makes up the tongue body, and the extrinsic tongue muscle attached to it, and the hypoglossal nerve distributes to these muscles and controls tongue movement. If one side of the hypoglossal nerve is damaged and paralysis occurs, when the tongue is thrust forward, it will bend to the paralyzed side. The hypoglossal nerve is found in amniotes, i.e. reptiles, birds, and mammals.

[Kazuyo Shimai]

[Reference] | Cranial nerves

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

第12脳神経で、舌筋に分布する純然たる運動神経である。舌下神経は、延髄の錐体(すいたい)とオリーブ(錐体の外後側にある長楕円(だえん)形の膨らみ)との間から出る。舌筋は、舌本体を構成する内舌筋(舌固有筋)と、これに付属する外舌筋とからなっているが、舌下神経は、これらに分布して舌の運動を支配する。一側の舌下神経が傷害を受け、麻痺(まひ)がおこると、舌を前方に突き出した場合、舌は麻痺側に曲がる。なお、舌下神経のみられるのは、羊膜類、つまり爬虫(はちゅう)類、鳥類、哺乳(ほにゅう)類である。

[嶋井和世]

[参照項目] | 脳神経

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