A Spanish port city on the Strait of Gibraltar, on the northwestern tip of North Africa. It is located on a peninsula that juts out from the northern tip of Morocco into the Mediterranean Sea. It has a population of 71,505 (2001). Along with the British territory of Gibraltar on the European side of the strait, it has been a strategic military and navigable point since ancient times, and developed as a fortress city. The fortress is located on the top of Mount Acho (190 meters) at the tip of the peninsula, which corresponds to the ancient city of Avila. Mount Acho, along with the Rock of Gibraltar, is called the Pillars of Hercules and serves as a gate to the Mediterranean Sea. Its Latin name is Septem Fratres, and its Arabic form Sebta, from which its current name derives. The city occupies an isthmus 350 meters wide and 2 kilometers long at the southwest foot of Mount Acho. Its economic activities are centered on port operations, with fishing, mainly sardines, food processing such as canned goods, and shipbuilding. The port is important as a coal and oil import port and a refueling port for ships, with the number of ships entering and leaving the city annually rivaling that of Barcelona. There is a ferry connection to Algeciras on the Spanish mainland, and a railway to Tetouan in Morocco to the south. It is the home of a Spanish military base and is part of the Seville Military District. The town was founded by the Phoenicians, and was ruled by the Romans, the Vandals, the Muslims, and the Portuguese. It was occupied by Portuguese troops in 1415, and after the Spanish-Portuguese Union in 1580, it remained under Spanish control after the collapse of the union in 1640. Since then, it has developed as a free city and free port in opposition to Gibraltar and Tangier in Morocco, 45 km to the southwest. During the Spanish Civil War in 1936, General Franco organized rebel forces here. [Yutaka Tanabe and Yumiko Takizawa] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
北アフリカ北西端、ジブラルタル海峡に臨むスペイン領の港湾都市。モロッコの北端から地中海へ向かって突き出た半島上に位置する。人口7万1505(2001)。海峡対岸、ヨーロッパ側のイギリス領ジブラルタルとともに、古来、軍事・航海上の要衝で、要塞(ようさい)都市として発達した。要塞は半島先端のアチョ山(190メートル)頂上にあり、古代のアビラにあたる。アチョ山は、「ジブラルタルの岩」とともに「ヘラクレスの柱」とよばれ、地中海の門となっている。ラテン名セプテム・フラトレスSeptem Fratres、アラビア語形セプタSebtaと称し、現名称はこれらに由来する。市街はアチョ山南西麓(ろく)の幅350メートル、長さ2キロメートルの地峡上を占める。経済活動は港湾業務が中心で、イワシを主とした漁業、缶詰などの食品加工、造船業が行われる。港は石炭、石油の輸入港、船舶の燃料補給港として重要で、年間の出入船舶はバルセロナに匹敵する。スペイン本土のアルヘシラスとの間にフェリーの連絡があり、南にあるモロッコのテトゥアンとの間に鉄道が通じる。スペイン軍の基地が置かれ、セビーリャ軍管区に属している。町はフェニキア人によって建設され、ローマ、バンダル、イスラム、ポルトガルと支配者がかわった。1415年にポルトガル軍が占領、1580年のスペイン・ポルトガル連合を経て1640年の連合崩壊後スペインの支配下にとどまった。以後ジブラルタルおよび南西45キロメートルのモロッコのタンジールに対抗して、自由都市、自由港として発展してきた。1936年スペイン内戦に際し、フランコ将軍が反乱軍をこの地で組織した。 [田辺 裕・滝沢由美子] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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