Connecting a part of an electric circuit or an electric device to the earth with a conductor to equalize the electric potential with the earth. Also called earth ground or ground. Even if a person touches an electric device with an abnormal insulation, if the device is grounded, the electric potential difference between the person and the device is small, so electric current is unlikely to flow to the person and electric shock can be prevented. For this reason, the method of grounding is stipulated by law (technical standards for electrical equipment). Note that earthing is not necessarily required for electric products such as home televisions that are used in dry places with low operating voltage and have little risk of electric shock. However, when a large current flows due to a lightning strike, there is a slight resistance between the device and the earth, and even if the device is grounded, it may be dangerous to touch the device, so care must be taken. In electronics and communication devices, the internal circuit is grounded to the chassis (the box that contains the device) for stable operation and noise reduction rather than for danger prevention. This is called chassis ground or chassis ground, and is distinguished from the above-mentioned earth ground by a different symbol. [Madashi Fuse and Masazumi Yoshizawa] [Reference] | |©Shogakukan "> Earth symbol Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
電気回路の一部または電気機器を大地と導線で結び、大地と電位を等しくすること。大地アース、グランドground(接地する)ともいう。絶縁に異常の生じた機器に人が触れても、アースしてあれば、人と機器の間の電位差が小さいため、人には電流が流れにくく、感電を防ぐことができる。このため、アースの方法は法規(電気設備技術基準)で定められている。なお、家庭用テレビのように、使用電圧が低く乾燥した場所で使用し感電の危険性の少ない電気製品では、アースはかならずしも必要とされていない。ただし、落雷などで大電流が流れたとき、アースをしていない場合はもちろん、たとえアースをしていても大地との間にわずかに抵抗があり、機器に触れると危険な場合もあるので注意が必要である。エレクトロニクス、通信用の機器などでは、危険防止よりも、動作の安定、雑音の軽減のために内部回路を筐体(きょうたい)(機器類を収めた箱)にアースする。これを筐体接地(シャーシグランドchassis ground)、あるいはシャーシアースといい、前述の大地アースと記号を違えて区別している。 [布施 正・吉澤昌純] [参照項目] | |©Shogakukan"> アースの記号 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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