Biochemical oxygen demand - Biochemical oxygen demand

Japanese: 生物化学的酸素要求量 - せいぶつかがくてきさんそようきゅうりょう
Biochemical oxygen demand - Biochemical oxygen demand

The amount of dissolved oxygen consumed by microscopic organisms growing in water through oxidative decomposition of organic matter under certain conditions within a certain period of time. This is the abbreviation for biochemical oxygen demand (BOD).

It is widely used as a measure of the degree of water pollution by organic matter, and is usually calculated as the dissolved oxygen consumption ( BOD5 ) in mg/l (ppm) for 5 days under dark conditions at 20°C. The concept of BOD was devised to consider the self-purification mechanism of polluted rivers in Europe and America, especially in the UK.

In Japan, the first water quality environmental standards were published in 1971 (Showa 46) as Environment Agency Notification No. 59. In this, the water quality environmental standards for rivers were set as "environmental standards for the conservation of the living environment", and BOD was adopted as one of the important criteria for the conservation of river environments. However, when the sample water used to measure BOD contains substances that interfere with the physiological functions of living organisms, the BOD value becomes small, and it becomes difficult to use it as a measure of the degree of water pollution by organic matter.

[Jinji Watanabe]

[Reference] | Pollution | Water pollution

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

水中に増殖した微小な生物が、有機物を一定条件下、一定期間内に酸化分解することによって消費した溶存酸素量。biochemical oxygen demandの訳語で、BODと略称する。

 有機物による水の汚染度を示す尺度として、広く利用されており、普通、20℃の暗黒の条件下で5日間の溶存酸素消費量(BOD5)を、mg/l(ppm)単位で求める。BODの概念は、ヨーロッパやアメリカ、とくにイギリスの汚染された河川で、自浄作用の機構を考えるにあたって考案された概念である。

 日本では、1971年(昭和46)に環境庁告示第59号として、初めて水質環境基準が公示された。そのなかで、「生活環境の保全に関する環境基準」として、河川の水質環境基準が設定され、BODは河川環境の保全上重要な基準項目の一つとして採用されている。ただし、BODを測定するための試水中に、生物の生理作用を妨害する物質が含まれているときには、BODの値が小さくなるために、有機物による水の汚染度の尺度とはなりにくいことも生じる。

[渡辺仁治]

[参照項目] | 公害 | 水質汚濁

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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