Descriptive linguistics

Japanese: 記述言語学 - きじゅつげんごがく(英語表記)descriptive linguistics
Descriptive linguistics
A branch of linguistics that scientifically describes the state of a language at a certain time. It is also called synchronic linguistics. As opposed to historical linguistics. Knowledge of the historical changes of a language can be useful, but the purpose is to describe the language system at a certain time, not the changes themselves. On the other hand, accurate descriptions of the language of each era are necessary to clarify historical changes. Descriptive grammar or descriptive linguistics describes the rules and structures found in the language that is actually being used, and is distinguished from prescriptive grammar, which aims to be a model for correct language activity.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
一言語のある一時期における状態を科学的に記述する言語学の一部門。共時言語学ともいう。史的言語学に対する。その言語の歴史的変化に関する知識が参考となることはあるが,あくまでも一時期の言語体系の記述が目的であり,変化そのものを対象とはしない。一方,歴史的変化を明らかにするためには各時代の言語の正確な記述が必要である。実際に行われている言語のなかに見出される規則・構造を記述するのが記述文法あるいは記述言語学で,正しい言語活動の規範となることを目的とする規範文法と区別される。

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