Seikan Tunnel - Seikan Tunnel

Japanese: 青函トンネル - せいかんとんねる
Seikan Tunnel - Seikan Tunnel

An undersea railway tunnel connecting Honshu and Hokkaido. It is located between Hamana, Imabetsu Town, Higashitsugaru County, Aomori Prefecture, and Yunosato, Shiriuchi Town, Kamiiso County, Hokkaido. It has a total length of 53,850 meters, of which 23,300 meters is under the sea. It is the longest and deepest undersea tunnel in the world (240 meters below sea level). It opened in March 1988. It is owned by Hokkaido Railway Company (JR Hokkaido).

Aomori and Hakodate were once connected by the Japan National Railways' Seikan Ferry, but weather conditions caused frequent cancellations and delays, and on September 26, 1954, a tragedy occurred in which a total of five ships sank, including the Toya Maru, which set sail during an approaching typhoon (the Toya Maru accident). This prompted the idea of ​​connecting Honshu and Hokkaido with a tunnel to take shape, and construction began in 1964. The tunnel took about 20 years and cost over 690 billion yen to build, with the pilot piles completed in 1983 and the main tunnel completed in 1985.

At the same time as the tunnel was opened in 1988, the Kaikyo Line opened between Nakaoguni (Aomori Prefecture) and Kikonai (Hokkaido), and became part of an important route connecting Hokkaido and Honshu. With the opening of the Hokkaido Shinkansen in March 2016, the tunnel became a shared line for both the Kaikyo Line and the Hokkaido Shinkansen, and it has a triple-rail system so that narrow-gauge conventional lines and standard-gauge Shinkansen lines can pass through.

[Ryo Aoki May 19, 2017]

[References] | Seikan Ferry | Tsugaru Strait | Toya Maru Typhoon | Hokkaido Shinkansen
Seikan Tunnel Construction Overview
The construction of the Seikan Tunnel, which reaches 240m below sea level, was carried out using new technologies. First, in addition to the main tunnel through which trains pass, three tunnels were excavated: an advance tunnel for geological and spring water surveys, and a work tunnel for transporting equipment and soil. Next, water-stopping agents were injected into the rock to stop the spring water and strengthen the ground so that it could withstand water pressure. The tunnel was excavated by repeating the injection and excavation process. Third, long-distance horizontal boring was carried out to know in advance the geological and spring water conditions in the direction of the tunnel, and a new method was established in the technology of excavating long distances horizontally rather than downward .

Seikan Tunnel Construction Overview


Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

本州と北海道を結ぶ海底鉄道トンネル。青森県東津軽(ひがしつがる)郡今別(いまべつ)町浜名と北海道上磯(かみいそ)郡知内(しりうち)町湯ノ里の間に設けられている。総延長は5万3850メートルで、このうち2万3300メートルが海底部にある。海底トンネルとしては、世界一の長さと深さ(海面下240メートル)をもつ。1988年(昭和63)3月に開通した。北海道旅客鉄道(JR北海道)が所有する。

 青森と函館(はこだて)の間は、かつては国有鉄道の青函連絡船で結ばれていたが、気象条件により欠航や遅延がたびたび発生したほか、1954年9月26日には台風接近下で出航した洞爺丸(とうやまる)ほか、計5隻が沈没する悲劇も発生した(洞爺丸事故)。これらを契機として本州と北海道をトンネルで結ぶ構想が具体化して、1964年にトンネル工事が開始された。トンネルは約20年の歳月と6900億円あまりの工費を費やして1983年に先進導杭が、1985年に本坑が貫通した。

 1988年のトンネル開通と同時に中小国(なかおぐに)(青森県)―木古内(きこない)(北海道)間に海峡線が開業し、北海道と本州を結ぶ重要ルートの一部となった。2016年(平成28)3月の北海道新幹線の開業に伴い、トンネルは海峡線と北海道新幹線が共用するようになり、狭軌の在来線と標準軌の新幹線が通行できるように3線軌条となっている。

[青木 亮 2017年5月19日]

[参照項目] | 青函連絡船 | 津軽海峡 | 洞爺丸台風 | 北海道新幹線
青函トンネルの工事概要
海面下240mに達する青函トンネルの工事は、新技術を駆使して行われた。第一に、列車を通す本坑のほかに、地質・湧水調査のための先進導坑、機材や土砂の運搬を行う作業坑の計3本のトンネルを掘削した。次に、湧水を止め、水圧に耐えるよう地盤を強化するために、岩盤止水薬注入を行った。注入・掘削の作業を繰り返してトンネルを掘り進めた。第三は長尺水平ボーリングで、トンネルを方向の地質・湧水状態を事前に知るために行われ、下方でなく、水平に長距離を掘削する技術において新しい方法を確立した©Shogakukan">

青函トンネルの工事概要


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