This is a mobile pest control machine for fruit trees. It has a blower and sprays the pesticide from a nozzle located at the outlet. The droplets are broken down into fine particles by the air flow from the blower, transported, and sprayed onto the target crop. The main components of a speed sprayer are an engine, a pump, a blower, and a chemical tank. They are classified into three types: self-propelled, towed, and mounted. The self-propelled type is the most common type, with all components mounted on a self-propelled chassis, while the towed type is a type in which all components are mounted on a towed chassis and towed by a tractor. The mounted type refers to a type in which only the chemical tank is towed, and the other components are mounted on the tractor. Speed sprayers were first introduced to private orchards in Hokkaido from the United States in 1956 (Showa 31), and were domestically produced and introduced to major apple-producing areas in the following year, 1957. These were towed types, but self-propelled types were developed later, which are easy to use in Japanese orchards, which are small in area, have narrow headlands (open space needed for the machine to rotate), and have many sloping grounds, and they replaced the towed types within a few years. Speed sprayers can be used with one-fifth to one-tenth the effort required compared to the fixed pipe method, which had been the most efficient method up until then, while still providing roughly the same level of pest control. As a result, they quickly became popular and are now used on most fruit trees, except for citrus orchards on steep slopes. Since then, their driving performance has improved on slopes and narrow orchards, and with the elimination of steep slopes through orchard development, they have come to play a central role in the control of all fruit trees in the 2000s. Some speed sprayers are also equipped with sealed cabins to protect the driver from spraying pesticides, falling, and colliding with trees. However, due to the spraying mechanism of speed sprayers, there is a risk that sprayed pesticides may drift onto neighboring crops or houses, causing damage to crops, so it is necessary to consider the placement of nozzles for the target fruit trees and the appropriate spray pressure. [Kouzo Hirata] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
果樹を対象にした走行式防除機をいう。送風機をもち、その吐き出し口に配置したノズルから薬剤を噴霧し、液滴は送風機の空気流によって細粒化され、また搬送されて対象作物に吹き付けられる。 スピードスプレーヤーの主要部はエンジン、ポンプ、送風機、薬液タンクからなり、自走式、牽引(けんいん)式、搭載式の3種類に分類される。自走式はもっとも一般的な形式で、自走車台に各部を配置したもので、牽引式は、被牽引車台にすべてを搭載してトラクターで牽引する形式のものである。搭載式は、薬液タンクのみを牽引し、そのほかの部分はトラクターに搭載して使用されるものをいう。スピードスプレーヤーは1956年(昭和31)に初めてアメリカより北海道の民有園に導入され、翌1957年から国産化されて主要リンゴ産地に導入された。これらのものは牽引式であったが、その後、面積が小さく、枕地(まくらじ)(機械の回転に必要な空地)が狭いのに加えて傾斜地が多い日本の果樹園に使いやすい自走式のものが発達し、数年を経ずして牽引式と交代した。 スピードスプレーヤーは、それまでもっとも能率的な方法であった固定配管による防除法に比べて5分の1から10分の1の労力で行えるうえに、ほぼ同等な防除効果が得られることから急速に普及し、急傾斜地にあるミカン園を除いてほとんどの果樹に使用されるようになった。 その後、その走行性能は、傾斜地、狭い園地に対して向上がみられ、園地の整備による急傾斜の解消もあり、2000年代には、すべての果樹の防除について中心的役割を果たすようになった。また、散布農薬、転倒、樹への衝突などから運転者を防護するための密閉キャビンが設けられているものもある。しかし、スピードスプレーヤーには、その散布機構から、隣接する他作物や住宅等に散布薬液が漂流して薬害を発生する危険があり、対象果樹に対するノズルの配置、散布圧力を適切にするなどの配慮が必要である。 [平田孝三] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
>>: Spitz - Spitz (English spelling)
Surgical instruments that grasp tissue by clampin...
...It is said to have been introduced to the Kore...
…Periodic table element symbol = Br Atomic number...
When a judge presides over a trial, his/her judgme...
...The river originates from Mt. Danto (1,152m) i...
…By the Treaty of Sinchula in the same year, the ...
⇒ Nagazane Ito Source: Kodansha Digital Japanese N...
It refers to a railway that allows trains to oper...
→ Ramie Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica...
A Meiji period Western-style art group. In Septem...
…But Indians have not turned their backs on reali...
...The main silkworm-raising areas are the area f...
1598‐1643 Polish Jesuit priest. Martyred in Nagasa...
A corrupted form of Honutong. A type of Chinese di...
〘Noun〙 (Perhaps modeled after the leather shoes wo...