A leading German legal scholar in the late 19th century. He studied at the universities of Heidelberg, Göttingen, and Berlin, and served as professor at universities in Vienna, Strasbourg, Göttingen, and Berlin. His early work, The Spirit of Roman Law (1852-1865), written from the perspective of the historical school of law, is known as an immortal masterpiece. In it, Jhering studied Roman law from the perspective of how legal provisions and legal interpretations relate to real society, and also clarified the Roman spirit that supports Roman law. In his subsequent work, The Struggle for Rights (1872), he argued that the purpose of law is realized through the struggle between competing interests in real society, and therefore the constant struggle to secure rights is important, going beyond the position of the mere historical school of law. Furthermore, in his work The Purpose of Law (1877-1883), he opposed conceptual jurisprudence, which focuses only on legal interpretation and does not consider the purpose of law, and from the perspective of objective jurisprudence, he advocated the need to grasp the relationship of law to real society. Jhering's pragmatic and positivist method has had a major influence on the development of today's interest jurisprudence, liberal law theory, and sociology of law. [Hiroshi Tanaka] "The Struggle for Rights, translated by Junichi Murakami (Iwanami Bunko)" [References] | | | | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
19世紀後半ドイツの代表的法学者。ハイデルベルク、ゲッティンゲン、ベルリンの各大学に学び、ウィーン、ストラスブール、ゲッティンゲン、ベルリンなどの大学教授を歴任。歴史法学派の立場から書かれた初期の著作『ローマ法の精神』(1852~1865)は不朽の名著として知られる。そこでイェーリングは、法律の条文や法解釈が現実社会とどのようにかかわっているかという観点からローマ法を研究し、またローマ法を支えているローマ精神を明らかにした。続く『権利のための闘争』(1872)では、法の目的は現実の社会において相争う利益間の闘争を通じて実現されるとし、そのため日常不断に権利を確保する闘争が重要であることを説いて、単なる歴史法学派の立場を乗り越えた。さらに『法における目的』(1877~1883)では、法解釈にのみ重点を置いて法の目的を考えようとしない概念法学に反対し、目的法学の立場から、法の現実社会との関連をとらえる必要性を説いた。このようなイェーリングの実用主義的、実証主義的方法は、今日の利益法学、自由法論、法社会学などの発展に大きな影響を与えた。 [田中 浩] 『村上淳一訳『権利のための闘争』(岩波文庫)』 [参照項目] | | | | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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