Marie Carmichael Stopes

British paleontologist, sexologist, and birth control activist. She studied geology and botany, and earned her doctorate in 1904, becoming the first woman to teach at the University of Manchester. She wrote many books and became an authority on paleobotany and fossil science. She came to Japan in 1907 (Meiji 40) and lectured at Tokyo Imperial University. She later married a Canadian botanist, but divorced in 1916 due to sexual incompatibility. During that time, she researched sexual issues and devoted herself to birth control and sex education campaigns, and was attacked by doctors and the Catholic Church, even going to court. Her books Married Love (1918), which advocated sexual harmony in married life, and Wise Parenthood (1918) became bestsellers, the former of which was translated into more than a dozen languages. She also wrote many other books on sex, and after World War II, she campaigned for birth control in the Far East.

[Takako Shirai]

"Married Love" (translated by Hirai Kiyoshi, 1953, Rironsha/translated by Aoyama Setsuko, 1976, Keimei Publishing) ▽ "Contraception Studies, by Marie Stopes, translated by Umajima Meng" (included in Compilation of Materials on Sexual and Reproductive Human Rights Issues 5, Birth Control Movement Part 5, Edited Reprint Edition, 2001, Fuji Publishing) ▽ "Marie Stopes, by Carmen Blacker" (included in Britain and Japan: People Who Built Bridges, edited by H. Cortazzi and G. Daniels, translated by Oyama Mizuyo, 1998, Shibunkaku Publishing)

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

イギリスの古生物学者、性科学者、産児制限運動家。地質学、植物学などを学び1904年に学位を得て、女性で最初のマンチェスター大学教員となる。多くの書を著して古生植物学、化石学の権威となった。1907年（明治40）に来日して、東京帝国大学で講義をしている。その後カナダの植物学者と結婚したが、性生活の不一致から1916年に離婚。その間、性問題について研究し、産児制限と性教育運動に献身、医師やカトリック教会などから攻撃され裁判事件にもなっている。結婚生活の性的調和を説いた『結婚愛』Married Love（1918）と『賢い親』Wise Parenthood（1918）はベストセラーになり、前者は十数か国語に訳された。ほかにも性についての啓蒙(けいもう)書は多数あり、第二次世界大戦後は極東地域でも産児制限運動を行った。

［白井尭子］

『『結婚愛』（平井潔訳・1953・理論社／青山節子訳・1976・鶏鳴出版）』▽『マリー・ストープス著、馬島們訳「避妊乃研究」（『性と生殖の人権問題資料集成5　産児調節運動編5　編集復刻版』所収・2001・不二出版）』▽『カーメン・ブラッカー著「マリー・ストウプス」（H・コータッツィ、G・ダニエルズ編、大山瑞代訳『英国と日本――架橋の人びと』所収・1998・思文閣出版）』

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