Stilbene - Stilbene

Japanese: スチルベン - すちるべん(英語表記)stilbene
Stilbene - Stilbene

It is an aromatic hydrocarbon. Chemical formula: C 6 H 5 CH=CHC 6 H 5 Molecular weight: 180.3. It is also called 1,2-diphenylethylene and toluylene. There are two isomers: cis (Z) isomer (melting point: 5-6°C, boiling point: 145°C at 13 mm of mercury) and trans (E) isomer (melting point: 124.5-124.8°C, boiling point: 306-307°C). The former is an unstable form and is also called isostilbene. The trans isomer is synthesized by Clemmensen reduction of benzoin (zinc and hydrochloric acid). The cis isomer is produced by decarboxylation of α-phenylcinnamic acid with copper chromate. Cis-trans isomerization of stilbene is a typical example of isomerization between geometric isomers of olefin compounds ( Figure ). Thermal conversion produces the stable trans isomer, but photoirradiation produces the unstable cis isomer in nine times more amount. Cis isomers can also be obtained by photosensitization reactions, but the ratio of products varies depending on the type of sensitizer. Bromine and hydrogen can easily be added to the double bond of stilbene. In some reactions, a ring is closed when irradiated with light to give phenanthrene. Stilbene dyes are dyes that contain stilbene as a partial structure.

[Mukai Toshio]

Cis-trans isomerization of stilbene (Fig.)
©Shogakukan ">

Cis-trans isomerization of stilbene (Fig.)


Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

芳香族炭化水素の一つ。化学式C6H5CH=CHC6H5 分子量180.3。1,2-ジフェニルエチレン、トルイレンともいう。シス(Z)体(融点5~6℃、沸点は水銀柱13ミリメートルで145℃)、トランス(E)体(融点124.5~124.8℃、沸点は306~307℃)の2種類の異性体が存在し、前者は不安定形でイソスチルベンともよばれる。トランス体はベンゾインのクレメンゼン還元(亜鉛と塩酸)で合成される。シス体はα(アルファ)-フェニルケイ皮酸のクロム酸‐銅による脱炭酸で生成する。スチルベンのシス‐トランス異性化はオレフィン化合物の幾何異性体間の異性化の代表例である()。熱的変換法によれば安定なトランス体が生成するが、光照射による変換法を用いれば不安定なシス体が9倍も多く生成する。光増感反応によってもシス体が得られるが、生成比は増感剤の種類により異なる。スチルベンの二重結合には臭素、水素が容易に付加する。光照射すると閉環をおこし、フェナントレンを与える反応もある。スチルベン染料とは、スチルベンを部分構造として含む染料をいう。

[向井利夫]

スチルベンのシス‐トランス異性化〔図〕
©Shogakukan">

スチルベンのシス‐トランス異性化〔図〕


出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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