(1) Vectors If two two-dimensional or three-dimensional vectors are a and b , their magnitudes are a and b , and the angle between them is θ, then the scalar quantity ab cos θ is called the scalar product or inner product of a and b , and is expressed as a・b or ( a , b ). If a = ( ax , ay , az ) and b = ( bx , by , bz ), then a・b = axbx + ayby + azbz . When expressed in terms of components, the inner product can be extended to vectors of four or more dimensions. (2) Functions Usually used in the same sense as the inner product. However, when considering the dual V * of a linear space V , As When considering n- dimensional space, V and V * are distinguished. Since the usual inner product is considered to be the same as V and V * , the term scalar product is sometimes used to distinguish between V * and V. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
(1) ベクトル 2つの二次元または三次元ベクトルを a ,b とし,その大きさを a ,b ,その間の角を θ とするとき,スカラー量 ab cos θ を a と b とのスカラー積または内積といい,a・b または (a,b) で表わす。 a=(ax,ay,az) ,b=(bx,by,bz) とすると,a・b=axbx+ayby+azbz である。成分で表わせば,内積は四次元以上のベクトルにも拡張することができる。 (2) 関数 通常は内積と同じ意味に使う。しかし,線形空間 V に対しその双対 V* を考えるとき, として を考えるのに,どちらも n 次元空間でも V と V* は区別される。通常の内積は V と V* とが同一視されて考えられるので,V* と V を区別する場合にスカラー積という用語を特に用いることもある。 出典 ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典について 情報 |
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