A calendar book that records the good and bad fortune, misfortune, and taboos of each day in detail in Chinese characters, and is also called a manareki. There are also guchu calendars in kana, but they are not called guchu calendars. Since the calendar was implemented in Japan, they were hand-copied and published by the Onmyoryo until the beginning of the Meiji era, and the number of copies published was very small. According to the Engishiki (enacted in 967), 166 volumes of calendars were distributed to the imperial court, nobles, and local provincial offices. The oldest guchu calendar that still exists is the calendar from 746 (Tenpyo 18) in Shosoin. Some guchu calendars have spaces between the lines, allowing you to write a diary or memo for that day. In addition, diaries and other records are written on the back, making them valuable historical materials, and many of them have been designated as Important Cultural Properties. The Mido Kanpakuki, owned by the Yomei Bunko Collection, is designated as a national treasure. [Toshio Watanabe] "The Japanese Calendar" by Toshio Watanabe (1976, Yuzankaku Publishing) Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
日の吉凶、禍福、禁忌などを詳しく漢字で書き記した暦書をいい、真名暦(まなれき)ともいう。仮名(かな)暦にも具注があるが、具注暦とはよばない。日本で暦が施行されて以来、明治初年まで、陰陽(おんみょう)寮から手写して発行したもので、その発行部数はごくわずかである。『延喜式(えんぎしき)』(967年施行)によれば、頒暦は166巻で、宮廷・貴族をはじめ、地方の国衙(こくが)に配った。現存する最古の具注暦は正倉院にある746年(天平18)の暦である。具注暦は行間にすきまがあって、その日の日記あるいはメモを記入できるようになったものがある。また裏面を利用して日記をはじめさまざまな記録が書かれていて、歴史の資料として貴重なものであり、重要文化財に指定されているものが少なくない。陽明文庫所蔵の『御堂(みどう)関白記』は国宝に指定されている。 [渡辺敏夫] 『渡辺敏夫著『日本の暦』(1976・雄山閣出版)』 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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