On a plane, a line passing through point P is called a perpendicular line when it is perpendicular to line l . In three dimensions, if a line passing through point P intersects plane π and Q, and is perpendicular to any line passing through Q on π, it is called a perpendicular line to π. Also, if a line passing through P intersects with line m and is perpendicular, it is called a perpendicular line to m . In general, in n -dimensional Euclidean space (or Hilbert space), when a line passing through P intersects linear V and Q at V and is perpendicular to any line passing through Q on V, PQ is called a perpendicular line to V. In this case, the distance between V and point R is minimized when R = Q. Generalizing this further, when V is a general convex set, a perpendicular line is one that minimizes . Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
平面上では,点 P を通る直線が直線 l と直交するとき,垂線という。3次元では,点 P を通る直線が平面πと Q で交わるとして,π上の Q を通る任意の直線を直交するとき,πへの垂線という。また,P を通る直線が直線 m と交わっていて,これが直交のとき,m への垂線という。一般に n 次元ユークリッド空間 (またはヒルベルト空間) では,P を通る直線が線形な V と Q で交わり,V 上の Q を通る任意の直線と直交するとき,PQ を V への垂線という。このとき,V の点 R との距離 を最小にするのは R=Q の場合である。さらにこれを一般化すれば,V が一般の凸集合のとき を最小にする場合が垂線である。
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