Voluntary movement - voluntary movement

Japanese: 随意運動 - ずいいうんどう
Voluntary movement - voluntary movement

Voluntary movement refers to a movement that can be performed as one wishes. In order to perform voluntary movement, one must first have the will to move (the brainstem reticular formation and limbic system are responsible), then a program of motor commands must be created based on this will (the association area of ​​the cerebral cortex, the basal ganglia, the cerebellum, etc. are responsible), and then motor commands must be sent to each muscle according to this. This final task is performed by the motor area of ​​the cerebral cortex and the motor nervous system, which sends motor commands from there to the muscles. The motor nervous system has pyramidal and extrapyramidal tracts, but the pyramidal tract plays the main role. However, the extrapyramidal tract is essential for skillfully executing voluntary movement. In addition, in motor commands, the feedback mechanism, which constantly informs the cerebral cortex of the status of the movement from sensory organs such as muscles, joints, and skin, also plays an important role. In addition, before voluntary movement, slow negative waves (motor readiness potential) are seen in the human brain waves. Since activity of pyramidal cells in the motor cortex corresponds to this readiness potential, the readiness potential can be thought of as a voluntary command generated in neurons (nerve cells).

[Torii Shizuo]

[Reference] | Extrapyramidal tract | Pyramidal tract

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

自分の思いどおりにできる運動動作をいう。随意運動を行うためにはまず運動の意欲をおこし(脳幹網様体と辺縁系が担当する)、この意欲に沿って運動指令のプログラムが組まれ(大脳皮質連合野、大脳基底核、小脳などが担当する)、さらに、これに従ってそれぞれの筋肉へ運動の指令が送られることが必要である。この最後の働きをするのが大脳皮質の運動野と、そこから運動の指令を筋肉まで送る運動神経系である。運動神経系には錐体(すいたい)路と錐体外路があるが、主役を演じるのは錐体路である。しかし、随意運動を巧妙に遂行するうえで錐体外路は不可欠である。また、運動の指令にあっては、筋肉、関節、皮膚などの感覚器から運動の状況を刻々と大脳皮質に情報として知らせるフィードバック(帰還)の仕組みも重要な役割をもっている。なお、随意運動に先だってヒトの脳波にはゆっくりとした陰性波(運動準備電位)がみられる。運動野の錐体細胞の活動はこの運動準備電位に対応してみられるので、運動準備電位はニューロン(神経細胞)に発生する随意的な命令といえる。

[鳥居鎮夫]

[参照項目] | 錐体外路 | 錐体路

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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