New leaf collection of waka poetry

A quasi-imperial anthology of waka poetry from the Northern and Southern Courts period. It contains 20 volumes and over 1,400 poems. It was compiled by Imperial Prince Munenaga. After the Northern and Southern Courts split, the Northern Court produced two anthologies, the "Fugashu" by the Kyogoku faction, and the "Shin Senzai" and "Shin Shui" by an alliance between the Ashikaga Shogun and the Nijo family. However, the poems of the Southern Court's rulers and subjects were not included in these anthologies, which they found regrettable. Even up until that point, poetry contests and poetry meetings had been held from time to time in the Southern Court, but they became particularly active around 1374 (3), when Prince Muneyoshi, who had been fighting in the eastern provinces, returned to Yoshino. Events such as the "Southern Court 300 Poetry Contest" (1371), "Southern Court 500 Poetry Contest" (1375), "Sumiyoshi Shrine 360 ​​Poetry Contest" (around 1375, lost), and the "Southern Court Imperial Palace 1,000 Poems (Heavenly Gifted 1,000 Poems)" (1376-77, only a few people's works remain) are thought to have been part of the preparation for the compilation of poems. Thus, the collection was initially completed by October 1381 (Kōwa 1/Eitoku 1) with the cooperation of the prince, Kazanin Nagachika, and Prince Moronari (first edition), but in the same month Emperor Chokei issued an imperial decree to make it equivalent to an imperial anthology, and after some revisions it was presented to the public in December of the same year (presented edition/quasi-imperial anthology, with a kana preface). Therefore, it is believed that there are two versions of the extant edition. The contents are based on the imperial anthology, and include 20 volumes of miscellaneous seasonal love poems, and poems by people associated with the Southern Court over a period of over 50 years over three generations from the early Genkō era (1331-34), when the Northern and Southern Courts were divided, to the present day, with a kana preface. The number of poems included in the collection is, in order, Gomurakami-in with 100, Prince Muneyoshi with 99 (however, this is because Gomurakami-in is ranked first; there are many others whose poets are unknown), Chokei-in and Kazan-in Iekata with 52 each, Kazan-in Morokata with 49, and Emperor Godaigo with 46. Although the style is generally that of the Nijō school, the poems that resonate with readers are those that express earnest feelings such as "Even here the cherry blossoms in the clouds are in bloom, I think this is only a temporary lodging" (Emperor Go-Daigo) and "Startled by the sound of the birds, I wake up at dawn and quietly think about the world" (Gomurakami-in).

[Shuichi Fukuda]

"A Study of the History of the Medieval Poetry World: The Northern and Southern Courts Period" by Muneo Inoue (1965, Meiji Shoin)

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

南北朝時代の準勅撰(ちょくせん)和歌集。20巻1400余首。宗良(むねなが)親王撰。南北朝分裂後、北朝ではまず京極(きょうごく)派によって『風雅集』、ついで足利(あしかが)将軍と二条家との提携によって『新千載(せんざい)』『新拾遺(しゅうい)』の2集が成っていたが、分裂後の南朝の君臣の詠はそれらに入れられず、彼らはそれを残念に思っていた。南朝ではそれまでも、おりおり歌合(うたあわせ)や歌会が催されていたが、東国に転戦していた宗良親王が吉野にいったん帰った1374年（文中3）前後からとくに活発化し、「南朝三百番歌合」（1371）、「南朝五百番歌合」（1375）、「住吉(すみよし)社三百六十番歌合」（1375ころ、散逸）、「南朝内裏(だいり)千首（天授千首）」（1376～77、数名の分が現存）などが催されたのは、撰集準備の一環と考えられる。かくて同集は、親王を中心に花山院長親(かざんいんながちか)や師成(もろなり)親王らが協力して1381年（弘和1・永徳1）10月までにいったん完成した（初撰本）が、この月長慶(ちょうけい)天皇から勅撰集に準ずる旨の綸旨(りんじ)を賜り、若干修訂して同年12月に奏覧した（奏覧本・準勅撰集本。仮名序による）。したがって伝本にはこの2系統があるとみられる。内容は勅撰集に倣って四季恋雑20巻、南北朝分裂の元弘(げんこう)（1331～34）初年から当代まで3代50余年間の南朝関係者の詠を収め、仮名序を付す。入集歌数は後村上(ごむらかみ)院100、宗良親王99（ただしこれは後村上院を首位とするためで、ほかに詠人(よみびと)知らずとして多数）、長慶院・花山院家賢(いえかた)各52、花山院師賢(もろかた)49、後醍醐(ごだいご)帝46という順で、基本的には二条派歌風だが、「ここにても雲居(くもゐ)の桜咲きにけりただかりそめの宿と思ふに」（後醍醐帝）、「鳥の音(ね)におどろかされて暁の寝覚(ねざめ)静かに世を思ふかな」（後村上院）のような切実な実感を歌った詠が共感をよぶ。

［福田秀一］

『井上宗雄著『中世歌壇史の研究　南北朝期』（1965・明治書院）』

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