The capital of Samara Oblast in the western part of the Russian Federation. It is located in the southwest of the European part of Russia, on the left bank of the middle Volga River where the river curves sharply, at the confluence with the Samara River. Until 1935 it was called Samara, but was renamed Kuybïshev after the leader of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, and in 1990 it was restored to its former name. Population 1,168,000 (1999). One of the major industrial and transportation centers of Russia. Industry developed rapidly after the Russian Revolution (1917) and has many sectors. The main industries are machinery and metal processing, including the manufacture of machine tools, aircraft, magnets, motors, cables, generators, bearings, and automobile and tractor parts, as well as the manufacture of equipment for petroleum, food, and light industry. The food industry, which had been developing before the revolution, is also thriving, with flour mills, macaroni manufacturers, beer brewers, chocolate manufacturers, meat processors, and tobacco manufacturers. The construction materials industry has also developed, with petroleum refining, sewing, and shoe manufacturers. It is also a key transportation hub, a junction for railways heading to Moscow, Ufa, and Orenburg, and has a river port on the Volga River and an airport. The city began as a Russian fortress built in 1586, and was attacked by the Nogai Tatars in 1615 and the Kalmyks (Oirats) in 1644. It became a city in 1688. Before the revolution, it was a major trading center for grain, wool, leather, and other products, and also had an agricultural product processing industry. It developed greatly after the opening of the Trans-Siberian Railway in 1896 and the construction of a railway to Central Asia in 1906. In addition, government agencies and diplomatic missions from various countries were evacuated to the area from 1941 to 1943 during the German-Soviet War. As the regional capital, the city has developed administrative, educational and cultural functions. There are educational and cultural facilities such as Samara University, medical, educational, technical, aviation, electrical and communications universities, a local museum, an art museum, a drama theater, an opera and ballet theater, a puppet theater, and a circus. As the city developed, satellite cities and industrial towns were built in the suburbs, forming a metropolitan area with Samara at its center. [Taizo Nakamura] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
ロシア連邦西部、サマラ州の州都。ロシアのヨーロッパ部南西、ボルガ川中流の流路が大きく湾曲する部分の左岸、サマラ川との合流点にある。1935年までサマラとよばれていたが、ソ連共産党の指導者の名をとってクイビシェフКуйбышев/Kuybïshevと改名され、90年に旧名に復した。人口116万8000(1999)。ロシアの工業、交通の大中心地の一つ。 工業はロシア革命(1917)後、急速に発達し、多くの部門をもっている。主要な工業は機械、金属加工業で、工作機械、航空機、マグネット、モーター、ケーブル、発電機、ベアリング、自動車・トラクター部品の製造のほか、石油、食品、軽工業の設備製造などもある。また、革命前から発展していた食品工業も盛んであり、製粉、マカロニ製造、ビール醸造、チョコレート、食肉加工、たばこ製造の各工場がある。建設資材工業も発展をみせ、石油精製、縫製、靴製造の各工業もある。交通の要地でもあり、モスクワ、ウファ、オレンブルグへ向かう鉄道の分岐点で、ボルガ川には河港があり、空港もある。 市は1586年に建設されたロシアの要塞(ようさい)に始まり、1615年にはノガイ・タタールの、1644年にはカルムイク人(オイラート)の攻撃を受けた。1688年に市となった。革命前は、穀物、羊毛、皮革などの取引の大中心地で、農産物加工業もみられた。1896年のシベリア鉄道開通、1906年の中央アジアへの鉄道が敷設されて以降、大いに発展した。また、独ソ戦中の1941年から43年まで、政府機関と諸外国の外交団がこの地に疎開していた。 市はまた州都として、行政、教育・文化機能が発展している。サマラ総合大学をはじめ、医科、教育、工科、航空、電気、通信の諸大学、郷土博物館、美術館、ドラマ劇場、オペラ・バレエ劇場、人形劇場、サーカス場などの教育・文化施設がある。市の発展に伴い、近郊に衛星都市、工業都市が建設され、サマラを中心に大都市圏が形成されている。 [中村泰三] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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