Symmachus (English spelling) Quintus Aurelius Symmachus

Japanese: シンマクス - しんまくす(英語表記)Quintus Aurelius Symmachus
Symmachus (English spelling) Quintus Aurelius Symmachus

Roman senator and orator. In 369, he was sent by the Senate to Gaul to deliver a speech celebrating the fifth anniversary of the accession of Valentinian I, where he formed a friendship with Ausonius. In 373, he was appointed proconsul of Africa. He was one of the representatives of the pagan forces in the Senate, and in 382, ​​when Emperor Gratianus (reigned 367-383) issued an edict revoking the privileges of paganism and pagan priests, and ordered the removal of the altar of the goddess Victoria from the Senate chamber, he campaigned for the repeal of these edicts. In 384, when he was appointed governor of Rome, he delivered a speech before Valentinian II (reigned 375-392) at the Milan court, petitioning for the restoration of the altar of the goddess Victoria and the restoration of pagan privileges, but failed due to opposition from Ambrose, Bishop of Milan. He dedicated a hymn to the usurper Maximus (reigned 383-388), but was pardoned by Theodosius I after his apology speech and hymn. He was appointed consul in 391 and maintained a leading position in the senate until his death. He left behind eight speeches and ten volumes of letters, and his literary circle was also known for its efforts in the study and transmission of classical authors.

[Atsuko Goto]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

ローマ元老院貴族、雄弁家。369年、元老院からガリアへ派遣されてウァレンティニアヌス1世に即位5周年祝賀演説を捧(ささ)げ、その地でアウソニウスと親交を結んだ。373年、アフリカのプロコンスルに任じられた。元老院内の異教勢力を代表する人物の一人で、382年にグラティアヌス帝Gratianus(在位367~383)が異教と異教神官の特権を剥奪(はくだつ)する勅令を出し、元老院議場からのビクトリア女神祭壇撤去を命じると、それらの撤回を求めて運動した。ローマ都督に任じられた384年には、ミラノ宮廷のウァレンティニアヌス2世Valentinianus Ⅱ(在位375~392)の前で、ビクトリア女神祭壇復帰と異教の特権回復を請願する演説を行ったが、ミラノ司教アンブロシウスの反対にあって失敗に終わった。簒奪(さんだつ)帝マクシムスMaximus(在位383~388)に頌詩(しょうし)を献じたが、謝罪演説と頌詩献呈によりテオドシウス1世の恩赦を得て、391年にはコンスルに任じられ、死ぬまで元老院内での指導的立場を維持した。演説8編と書簡集10巻を残しており、彼の文学サークルはまた古典作家の研究、伝承に尽力したことでも知られている。

[後藤篤子]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

<<:  Urticaria - Hives

>>:  New Mohe

Recommend

Udmurt people - Udmurt (English spelling)

An ethnic group that makes up the Udmurt Republic ...

Jean-Baptiste Camille Corot

French painter. Born in Paris on July 17th. Again...

Anole lizard

...The representative mammal that has migrated fr...

Vanzetti, B.

...A famous case in the history of American trial...

Theatre Studies

It is an academic field that focuses on theater. ...

Phacolith (English spelling)

A lenticular, harmonic intrusive body that intrude...

Paint and varnish

A general term for a liquid substance that is spr...

Odd nucleus

…This shell effect is known to be important not o...

Feces - dung

It is a mixture of the residues of food ingested ...

Windbreak - Windbreak

A forest belt reduces wind speed through friction...

Sedimentation - Sedimentation

The process that contributes to the formation of s...

Kakudayu - Kakudayu

...A Joruri tayu from the early modern period. He...

Criticism of the "Bukkunden"

A criticism movement against the film The Story of...

East Asian Common Culture Association

A hardline foreign policy organization founded in...

Otori Shrine

Located in Senzoku-cho, Taito-ku, Tokyo. Commonly...