Cymbal (English spelling)

Japanese: シンバル - しんばる(英語表記)cymbal(s) 英語
Cymbal (English spelling)

A dish-shaped metal percussion instrument. Cymbals commonly used today look like a single curved disk, but are made by pressing a long brass wire into a spiral shape at high temperature. The center is raised and has a hole in the center for threading a string through.

The main playing methods are "matched cymbals (crash, froissé)" in which two cymbals are struck together, and "suspended cymbals" that are attached to a stand or hung on a string and struck with a mallet, and the sound varies greatly depending on the size and thickness of the cymbals. Matched cymbals are around 30 to 50 centimeters in diameter. There are also other variations such as "toe plate rolls" in which two cymbals are held close together and the edges are struck together to create a rolling effect, and "hi-hat" (used as part of a drum set) in which two smaller cymbals are attached to a stand and struck together with a pedal or with a mallet. There are also several different shapes, such as "ancient cymbals (sambal antique)", a type of small suspended cymbal with a clear pitch.

Cymbals similar to modern cymbals already existed in ancient Greece and Rome. They had reached Europe by the 13th century, and were used in orchestral music in the 17th century. They also spread to East Asia, and Chinese-made cymbals, along with Turkish-made cymbals, are used in Western music such as wind bands, orchestral music, and jazz.

[Maekawa Haruhisa]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

皿形の金属製打楽器。現在一般に用いられるシンバルは、見かけは1枚の反った円盤だが、真鍮(しんちゅう)の長い針金を渦巻状に巻いたものを高温でプレスしてつくられている。中央部は盛り上がっており、中心には紐(ひも)などを通すための穴がある。

 演奏法は、2枚を打ち合わせる「合わせシンバル(クラッシュ、フロワセ)」、スタンドに取り付けたり、紐で下げて桴(ばち)で打つ「サスペンデッド・シンバル」が主で、シンバルの大きさや厚さによって音は大きく変わる。合わせシンバルでは、直径30~50センチメートル程度のものが使われる。ほかに、2枚を近づけて持ち、縁どうしを細かく打ち付けてロールの効果を出す「トゥー・プレート・ロール」や、スタンドに2枚の小さめのシンバルを取り付け、ペダルを使って打ち合わせたり、桴で打ったりする「ハイハット」(ドラム・セットの一部として使われる)などの変種もある。また、明確な音高感のある小さな一種のサスペンデッド・シンバルである「古代シンバル(サンバル・アンティーク)」など、形の違うものもいくつかある。

 古代ギリシア・ローマには、現在のものに近い形のシンバルがすでにあった。ヨーロッパには13世紀までには伝えられており、17世紀には管弦楽にも用いられた。また、東アジアにも伝えられ、中国製のシンバルは、トルコ製法のものとともに、吹奏楽、管弦楽、ジャズなどの欧米系音楽にも用いられている。

[前川陽郁]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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