Leader of the Indian Muslim League and first Governor-General of Pakistan. In Pakistan, he is called the "Father of the Nation" and "Great Leader". Born into a family of leather merchants in Karachi, he studied in England, qualified as a lawyer, and opened a practice in Bombay (now Mumbai). In 1906, he became secretary to Naoroji, chairman of the Indian National Congress Party, and entered politics. He also participated in the Indian Muslim League's conventions, and in 1913 accompanied Gokhale, leader of the Indian National Congress Party, to England. In 1916, as chairman of the Indian Muslim League, he concluded the Lucknow Agreement with the Indian National Congress Party, bringing about an agreement between the two factions with the aim of Indian autonomy, and played an active role in promoting cooperation between Hindus and Muslims until the early 1920s. He retired from politics until the early 1930s, but in 1937, following the defeat of the League in the state assembly elections, he worked to rebuild the League, and in 1940, as chairman of the League, he passed the "Lahore Resolution" with the goal of separating areas with a large Muslim population. After this, the League negotiated uncompromisingly with Britain and the Congress Party with the aim of achieving the independence of Pakistan. In August 1947, he became the first Governor-General of the Dominion of Pakistan, which became independent from India, and died just as he was setting about building the nation as a strong leader. [Kagaya Hiroshi] [References] | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
インド・ムスリム連盟の指導者、初代パキスタン総督。パキスタンでは「建国の父」「偉大な指導者」とよばれている。カラチの皮革商の家に生まれ、イギリスに留学し、弁護士の資格をとり、ボンベイ(現ムンバイ)で開業した。1906年、国民会議派議長のナオロジーの秘書となり、政治生活に入った。インド・ムスリム連盟の大会にも参加し、1913年には国民会議派の指導者ゴーカレーについてイギリスに渡った。1916年、インド・ムスリム連盟の議長としてラクナウ協定を国民会議派との間で結び、インドの自治を目ざして両派の合意をもたらし、1920年代初めまでヒンドゥー、ムスリムの協調のために活躍した。その後1930年代前半までは政治から退いていたが、1937年、州議会選挙で連盟の敗北を機に、連盟の再建に努め、1940年には連盟議長として、ムスリムが多く住んでいる地域の分離を目標とした「ラホール決議」を通過させた。こののち連盟は、パキスタンの分離独立を目ざしてイギリスと国民会議派を相手に、非妥協的に交渉した。1947年8月インドから分離独立したパキスタン自治領の初代総督となり、強力な指導者として国づくりにとりかかったときに死去した。 [加賀谷寛] [参照項目] | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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