Theosophy - English spelling

Japanese: 神智学 - しんちがく(英語表記)theosophy
Theosophy - English spelling

Theosophy is a system of doctrine that seeks the knowledge of God and ultimately aims to unite the human spirit with God, and also refers to the method of its practice. Theosophy is a compound word of the Greek words theos (God) and sophia (wisdom), and appears in the New Testament in Paul's letters as "the wisdom of God as a hidden mystery."

Theosophy in the broad sense also includes the Neoplatonists and the Gnostics. According to the Gnostics, who linked up with a number of religions and produced numerous documents in the 2nd and 3rd centuries AD, humans belong to this world through their bodies, but belong to the divine world through their spirits, and can achieve self-salvation by recognizing the fundamental principles of the universe there. After the Reformation, the works of Paracelsus, Jacob Boehme and others also belong to the Theosophical tradition.

Theosophy in the narrow sense came to refer to the doctrine of the sect when Madame Blavatsky founded the Theosophical Society in New York with H.S. Olcott in 1875. According to this, the human mind, having fallen from the divine order to the natural order, seeks to be liberated from matter through various transformations and to return to the wisdom of God, and in order to help this, Theosophy must strive to develop the intellect.

Theosophy, which is distinct from mysticism, pursues a universal ethic that transcends the differences between religions, and has expanded as a movement worldwide. Its influence has extended to many thinkers and artists around the world, including W. B. Yeats. In 1886, the Theosophical Society moved its headquarters to Madras (now Chennai), India, where it adopted Hindu doctrines and developed in India.

[Hiroshi Kume]

"At the Feet of the Master" by N. Krsnamurti, translated by Tanaka Emiko (1998, Ryuo Bunko)""The Keys to Theosophy" by H.P. Blavatsky, translated by Tanaka Emiko (1995, Ryuo Bunko)""Madame H.P. Blavatsky" by H. Murphet, translated by Tanaka Emiko (1990, Ryuo Bunko)""Outlines of Theosophy by A.E. Powell, translated by Nakazato Seiki (1994, Tama Publishing)""At the Gates of Theosophy by Rudolf Steiner, translated by Nishikawa Takanori (1991, Izara Shobo)"

[References] | Yates | Gnostics | Theosophical Society | Neoplatonism | Paracelsus | Madame Bravasci | Boehme

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

神の認識を求め、究極的には人間精神と神との合一を目ざす教義体系、およびその実践方法をさす。theosophyは、ギリシア語のtheos(神)とsophia(知恵)の合成語で、『新約聖書』にも、パウロの書簡に「隠された奥義としての神の知恵」として出てくる。

 広義の神智学には、新プラトン学派、グノーシス派も含まれる。紀元2~3世紀にいくつもの宗教に結びついて多数の文書を生み出したグノーシス派によれば、人はその身体によってこの世に属するが、その霊によって神の世界に属しており、そこで人は宇宙の根源的原理を認識することによって自己救済できると説く。宗教改革以後では、パラケルスス、ヤコブ・ベーメらの著作も神智学の系列に属する。

 狭義の神智学は、1875年にブラバッスキイ夫人がH・S・オルコットとニューヨークに神智協会を設立したのを契機に、この派の教義をさすようになった。それによると、神の秩序から自然の秩序に堕落した人間の精神は、さまざまな変容を通して物質から解放され、神の知恵に帰ることを求めており、それを助けるために、神智学は知性の開発に努めなければならない、とする。

 神智学は神秘主義とは一線を画し、諸宗教間の差異を超えた普遍的倫理を追求して、運動を世界的に展開した。その影響は、W・B・イェーツをはじめ世界の多くの思想家、芸術家にも及んだ。1886年、神智協会は本部をインドのマドラス(現チェンナイ)に移し、ヒンドゥー教の教義を取り入れ、インドで発展した。

[久米 博]

『ナ・クルシュナムルティ著、田中恵美子訳『大師のみ足のもとに』(1998・竜王文庫)』『H・P・ブラヴァツキー著、田中恵美子訳『神智学の鍵』(1995・竜王文庫)』『H・マーフェット著、田中恵美子訳『H・P・ブラヴァツキー夫人』(1990・竜王文庫)』『A・E・パウエル著、仲里誠桔訳『神智学大要』(1994・たま出版)』『ルドルフ・シュタイナー著、西川隆範訳『神智学の門前にて』(1991・イザラ書房)』

[参照項目] | イェーツ | グノーシス派 | 神智協会 | 新プラトン学派 | パラケルスス | ブラバッスキイ夫人 | ベーメ

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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