Injo - Jinso (English spelling)

Japanese: 仁祖 - じんそ（英語表記）Injo

[Born] King Seonjo 28 (1595), Haeju, South Hwanghae Province
[Died] King Injo 27 (1649)
The 16th king of the Joseon Dynasty (Yi Dynasty) of Korea (reigned 1623-49). His pen name was Hwabok, his title was Songsang, and his given name was So. He was the eldest son of King Seonjo's fifth son, King Jeongwon (Wonjong). In the 15th year of the reign of King Gwanghae (23), he was proclaimed king in a coup d'état by Westerners including Kim Ryu and Yi Gwi. The following year, Yi Seok, dissatisfied with the reward system given to King Injo, rebelled and was put down, but his remnants fled to the Later Jin (Qing) and protested the injustice of King Injo's accession to the throne. The Later Jin took advantage of this opportunity and invaded Korea in the 5th year of the reign of King Injo (27). They then invaded a second time in the 14th year of the same reign, and Korea surrendered, accepting conditions such as breaking off diplomatic relations with the Ming and becoming vassals to the Qing. Before the country had recovered from the devastation caused by the Imjin War (the Bunroku-Keicho War), the Jurchen Later Jin invaded, further accelerating the decline of the country's power. Furthermore, the Western faction split into Gongxi and Qingxi, with Gongxi further splitting into the Naktang and Wontang, and Qingxi splitting into the Shan Tang and Han Tang, leading to fierce factional strife. Among the achievements of King Injo's reign were the establishment of new military camps such as the Sokaicheong and Suweocheon, the implementation of land surveys in the three southern regions, the revision of the land tax law, and the establishment of the Daedongcheong, expanding the area in which the Daedong law was implemented.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

[生]宣祖28(1595).黄海南道海州
[没]仁祖27(1649)
朝鮮，朝鮮王朝 (李朝) の第 16代の王 (在位 1623～49) 。字は和伯。号は松窓。諱はそう。宣祖の第5子定遠君ふ (元宗) の長子。光海君 15 (23) 年，金りゅう，李貴らの西人たちのクーデターで，王に推戴される。翌年，擁立の論功行賞に不平をもった李适が反乱を起し，鎮圧されたが，その残党が後金 (清) に逃げこみ，仁祖即位の不当性を訴えた。後金はこの機会を利用して，仁祖5 (27) 年に朝鮮を侵略してきた。続いて同 14年に2回目の侵入を行い，朝鮮は明との断交，清に対する臣礼などの条件を受入れて降伏した。壬辰の倭乱 (→文禄・慶長の役 ) の大惨害が回復しない間に，女真族の後金が侵入してきたことは国力の衰退をより一層促進させた。そのうえ，西人派は功西，清西に分れ，さらに功西は洛党，原党に，清西が山党，漢党に分裂して，党争が激しく展開された。仁祖の在位中の業績として，摠戒庁，守禦庁などの軍営の新設，三南地方に対する土地調査の実施，田税法の改定，そして大同庁を設け，大同法の実施地域を拡大したことなどがあげられる。

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