Born: September 11, 1877, London [Died] September 16, 1946, Dorking British mathematician, physicist, and astronomer. He studied at Trinity College, Cambridge, and lectured in applied mathematics at Princeton University from 1905 to 1909, and at Cambridge University from 1904 to 1905 and 1910 to 1912. After retiring from university, he devoted himself to research and writing, holding important positions in the Royal Society and becoming a research associate at the Mount Wilson Observatory in the United States. He contributed to the enlightenment and dissemination of science through his many works, and was knighted in 1928. He applied mathematics to astronomy and physics, discussing the development of spiral galaxies, the origin of the solar system, and thermal radiation phenomena, and derived the Rayleigh-Jeans radiation formula in 1905. He also established the concept of the "Jeans instability," an instability caused by self-gravity that is essential to the theory of the formation of celestial bodies. This allows us to calculate the minimum size (Jeans wavelength) and minimum mass (Jeans mass) of celestial bodies formed by self-gravity based on the density and temperature of the parent interstellar clouds. jeansPlease see the "Jeans" page. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
[生]1877.9.11. ロンドン [没]1946.9.16. ドーキング イギリスの数学者,物理学者,天文学者。ケンブリッジのトリニティ・カレッジで学び,1905~09年プリンストン大学で,1904~05年および 1910~12年ケンブリッジ大学で応用数学を講じた。大学を退いてからは,ロイヤル・ソサエティの要職を占め,またアメリカ合衆国のウィルソン山天文台の研究員になるなど,研究と著述に専念した。多くの著作を通じて科学の啓蒙普及に寄与,1928年ナイトの称号を授与された。数学を天文学や物理学に適用して,渦状銀河の発達,太陽系の起源,熱放射現象などを論じ,1905年レイリー=ジーンズの放射式を導いた。また,「ジーンズ不安定性」と呼ばれる,天体の形成論に必須の自己重力による不安定性という概念を確立した。これにより,自己重力によって形成される天体の最小の大きさ(ジーンズ波長)や最小質量(ジーンズ質量)を,母体となる星間雲などの密度と温度によって計算することができる。 ジーンズ「ジーパン」のページをご覧ください。 出典 ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典について 情報 |
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