This is a central personnel administration agency under the jurisdiction of the Cabinet, responsible for matters such as improving salaries and other working conditions for general-grade national civil servants, as well as improving personnel administration. It was established under the National Public Service Act (Act No. 120 of 1947). It was originally called the Provisional Personnel Committee, but became the National Personnel Authority when the act was revised in 1948. It is a deliberative body composed of three personnel officials (one of whom is the president of the National Personnel Authority). In order to ensure the independence of the National Personnel Authority, the National Public Service Law provides for the job security of personnel officials (Article 8) and the authority to manage the internal organization (Article 4, Clause 4; the National Administrative Organization Law does not apply to the National Personnel Authority). The National Personnel Authority exercises not only administrative authority, but also quasi-legislative and quasi-judicial authority. In departments that the National Personnel Authority is authorized to deal with by law, its decisions and dispositions are reviewed only by the National Personnel Authority. The main administrative authority is the recommendation made by the National Personnel Authority (such as salary recommendation). This is important as a compensatory measure for the restrictions on the basic labor rights of national public servants. As a quasi-legislative authority, the National Personnel Authority establishes its own rules. The National Personnel Authority rules have been criticized for being unconstitutional in that they prohibit national public servants from engaging in political activities, and for the fact that the working conditions of national public servants are broadly and in detail prescribed by the National Personnel Authority rules. As a quasi-judicial authority, it reviews disadvantageous dispositions against national public servants and judges requests for measures regarding working conditions. As of 2010, discussions are underway on reform of the national civil service system, including the issue of granting basic labor rights to national civil servants. [Kazukazu Hirata] [References] | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
一般職国家公務員の給与その他の勤務条件の改善および人事行政の改善等の事務をつかさどる内閣所轄の中央人事行政機関。国家公務員法(昭和22年法律第120号)により設置された。当初の名称は、臨時人事委員会で、1948年(昭和23)の同法改正により人事院となった。3人の人事官(そのうちの1人は人事院総裁)によって組織される合議制機関。 国家公務員法は、人事院の独立性を確保するため、人事官の身分保障(8条)、内部機構の人事院による管理権(4条4項、国家行政組織法は人事院には適用されない)を規定している。人事院は、行政的権限のみでなく、準立法的権限および準司法的権限を行使する。法律によって人事院が処置する権限を与えられている部門については、その決定および処分は人事院によってのみ審査される。主たる行政的権限としては、人事院が行う勧告(給与勧告等)がある。これは国家公務員の労働基本権の制限に対する代償措置として重要である。準立法的権限として、人事院規則を制定する。人事院規則については、それが国家公務員の政治的行為の禁止を定めていることの違憲性、また、国家公務員の労働条件が広範に人事院規則によって詳細に定められていることなどが批判の対象ともなっている。準司法的権限としては、国家公務員に対する不利益処分の審査と勤務条件に関する措置要求の判定がある。なお、2010年(平成22)の時点で、国家公務員に対する労働基本権への付与の問題も含め、国家公務員制度改革の議論が進行している。 [平田和一] [参照項目] | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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