Fire roasting - Hiaburi

Japanese: 火焙 - ひあぶり

Also known as kazai (burning at the stake) or fukei (burning at the stake), this is a punishment in which criminals are burned to death. In premodern times, it was practiced in many parts of the world, and is particularly famous in Europe for its history as a punishment for religious crimes such as heresy and witchcraft. In Japan, it disappeared for a long time, partly because the country adopted Chinese laws, but it was revived during the Sengoku period and was often used to oppress Christians in the early Edo period. Later, it became a punishment exclusively for arsonists, and the shogunate's "Kujikata Osadamegaki" only imposed kazai on those who started fires and those who asked others to start fires.

Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information

Japanese:

火罪（かざい），火刑，焚刑（ふんけい）ともいい，罪人を焼き殺す刑罰。前近代には世界の各地で行われ，とくにヨーロッパにおいて異端，魔女など宗教上の犯罪に科せられた歴史は名高い。日本では，中国の律を継受したこともあって，久しく絶えていたが，戦国時代に復活し，江戸時代初期にはキリシタン弾圧に多用された。のち，もっぱら放火犯に対する刑罰となり，幕府の《公事方御定書（くじかたおさだめがき）》は，付火（つけび）した者，および人に頼んで付火させた者にのみ火罪を科した。

出典　株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について　情報

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