Upton Sinclair

Japanese: シンクレア - しんくれあ(英語表記)Upton Sinclair
Upton Sinclair

American novelist and social critic. Born in Baltimore on September 20th. Supporting himself by writing from the age of 15, he graduated from the City University of New York and studied at Columbia University, while publishing six novels, including the historical novel Manassas (1904). He became famous for his socialist-leaning novel The Jungle (1906), an expose on the reality of a cannery in Chicago, which became a bestseller. He invested his royalties from the novel into the construction of the Helicon Home Colony in New Jersey (a sort of American version of the "New Village"), but the project was thwarted within a year due to a fire. In 1915, he moved to California, where he became involved in political campaigns, and ran for governor in 1934, but was defeated. Since then, he has been active as a socialist writer, writing over 100 novels and essays. In addition to The Jungle, he wrote The Coal King (1917), which dealt with the Colorado mining strike, Jimmy Higgins (1919), which preached pacifism, Oil! (1927), which exposed the scandals of the oil companies, Boston (1928), which dealt with the Sacco-Vanzetti affair, and an 11-volume series of novels with Lanny Budd as the main character (The End of the World, The Return of Lanny Budd, etc.). He also wrote autobiographies such as The Outpost of America (1932) and Autobiography (1962). He died on November 25, 1968.

[Yukito Itatsu]

[References] | Sacco-Vanzetti case | The Jungle

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

アメリカの小説家、社会評論家。9月20日ボルティモアに生まれる。15歳から文筆で自活、ニューヨーク市立大学卒業後、コロンビア大学で学ぶかたわら、歴史小説『マナッサス』(1904)を含む6編の小説を発表。社会主義的傾向の長編小説『ジャングル』(1906)で一躍有名になった。この作品はシカゴの缶詰工場の実態を描いた暴露小説で、ベストセラーとなる。その印税収入をニュー・ジャージー州のヘリコン・ホーム・コロニー(一種のアメリカ版「新しき村」)建設に投じたが、計画は失火事故のため1年で挫折(ざせつ)した。1915年カリフォルニアに移り、政治運動に携わり、1934年州知事に立候補したが敗れた。以来100冊に及ぶ小説や評論で社会主義作家として活躍する。『ジャングル』のほか、コロラドの炭鉱ストライキを扱った『石炭王』(1917)、平和主義を説く『ジミー・ヒギンズ』(1919)、石油企業の醜聞を暴いた『オイル!』(1927)、サッコ‐バンゼッティ事件を扱った『ボストン』(1928)さらにラニー・バッドを主人公とする11巻の連作小説(『世界の終わり』『ラニー・バッドの帰還』など)がある。ほかに自叙伝『アメリカの前哨(ぜんしょう)線』(1932)、『自伝』(1962)など。1968年11月25日死去。

[板津由基郷]

[参照項目] | サッコ‐バンゼッティ事件 | ジャングル

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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