Ray, John

Japanese: レイ（英語表記）Ray， John
Ray, John
Born: November 29, 1627. Black Notley, Essex.
[Died] January 17, 1705. Black Notley, Essex. British naturalist and theologian. He studied theology and classical languages ​​at Cambridge University (1648). He was a fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge (49). He was expelled from the university for not complying with the Edict of Uniformity at the time of the Restoration (62). He made numerous research trips to Italy, Germany, and other places with F. Wilby. He was a member of the Royal Society (67). He left behind many books on natural history, and through these he made important contributions to taxonomy, such as the classification of plants based on a clear distinction between monocotyledons and dicotyledons, and the classification of animals based on anatomical knowledge. His natural theology, based on natural history, had a great influence on religious thought at the popular level throughout the 18th century. His main work was Historia generalis plantarum (3 volumes, 86-1704). He also wrote other works related to theology.

Ray
Ray, Man

Born: August 27, 1890, Philadelphia
[Died] November 18, 1976. Paris American painter, photographer, and filmmaker. His real name was Emmanuel Radinski. He studied architecture in New York and turned to abstract art in 1913. In 1915 he made his debut as a cubist painter, and from 1917 he developed the Dada movement in New York with M. Duchamp and F. Picabia, and in 1921 he moved to Paris and promoted the movement. In 1922 he produced a photo-rayograph work without a camera, and also produced the avant-garde films "Return to Reason" (1923) and "Emak Bakia" (26), pioneering new possibilities in the fields of photography and film. In addition to paintings, he also produced many objects, collages, and prints, such as "Iron" (21), which is an iron with push pins attached to the bottom. He lived in Hollywood from 1940 to 1951, and then returned to Paris. In 1963 he published his autobiography, "Self Portrait".

Ray
Rey

Rayy. Ruins in Tehran Province, in north-central Iran. Adjacent to southeast Tehran. In ancient times, it was called Laga (Laganae) and was one of the great cities of Persia. Its history as a settlement dates back to the 3rd millennium BC. It is described as a holy place in the Zoroastrian holy book, the Avesta, and is also mentioned in the Book of Tobit, one of the apocrypha of the Old Testament. It was occupied by the Arabs in 641, but in the 8th century, under the rule of Caliph Mahdi (reigned 775-785), it regained its importance in Western Asia comparable to Damascus and Baghdad, and was a beautiful town with buildings decorated with brick and blue painted pottery (faience). It declined in the 12th century and was almost completely destroyed by the Mongol army in 1220. It was once known for its artistic silk weaving. The adjacent New City is now part of the city of Tehran.

Ray
Rej, Mikołaj

[Raw] 1505. Jurauno
Died 1569 in Rejowec. Polish author. Known as the "father of Polish literature," he represents the "Golden Age" of the 16th century along with the poet J. Kochanowski. Born into a family of minor nobility, he studied in Krakow and Lvov. Many of his works are moralistic and imbued with humanism. His first work, Krótka rozprawa między trzema osobami-Panem, Wójtem i Plebanem (1543), a short dialogue between a lord, a mayor, and a curate, is a satire of social relations in the form of a 2,113-line poetic dialogue. His other works include żywot Józefa z pokolenia żydowskiego (45), a short dialogue between a lord, a mayor, and a curate.

Ray
Lay, Horatio Nelson

Born: 1840, London
[Dead]?
A British tax commissioner of the Qing Dynasty and a businessman in Japan during the early Meiji period. He was hired by the Qing government as tax commissioner in 1859. When the Taiping Rebellion broke out, he cooperated with Colonel Osborne at the request of the Beijing government to organize the Ray-Osborne Fleet, but was dismissed from his position as tax commissioner because he refused to place it under the command of the Qing dynasty. In July 1869 (Meiji 2), he came to Japan to take on the construction of railways and telegraphs, which had failed in China, and was entrusted by the Japanese government with the construction of the Tokyo-Yokohama railway. In November, he raised a bond of 1 million pounds in London, but the bond was cancelled by the Japanese government the following year.

Ray
Ley, Hans Christian Clausen

Born: March 30, 1828 in Copenhagen
[Died] December 19, 1875. Copenhagen Danish painter. He produced many genre paintings and portraits. He was known for his genre expressions in which people dressed in 18th-century costumes appeared in street scenes. His main work is "Self-Portrait" (1857, Frederiksborg Museum).

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
[生]1627.11.29. エセックス，ブラックノトリー
[没]1705.1.17. エセックス，ブラックノトリー
イギリスの博物学者，神学者。ケンブリッジ大学に学び，神学，古典語を修めた (1648) 。同大学トリニティ・カレッジの特別研究員 (49) 。王政復古の際の信仰統一令に服さなかった理由で大学を追われる (62) 。 F.ウィルビーと共同でイタリア，ドイツなど動植物の研究調査旅行を重ねる。ロイヤル・ソサエティ会員 (67) 。博物学の多くの著書を残しているが，それらを通じて，単子葉，双子葉の明確な区別に基づいた植物分類，解剖学的知見に基づく動物分類など，分類学上に重要な貢献をなした。また，博物学に基づいた彼の自然神学は 18世紀を通じて民衆レベルでの宗教思想に大きな影響力を及ぼした。主著『一般植物誌』 Historia generalis plantarum (3巻，86～1704) 。ほかに神学関係の著作もある。

レイ
Ray， Man

[生]1890.8.27. フィラデルフィア
[没]1976.11.18. パリ
アメリカの画家，写真家，映画制作者。本名 Emmanuel Radinski。ニューヨークで建築を学び，1913年抽象美術に向う。 15年キュビスム的な画家としてデビュー，17年から M.デュシャン，F.ピカビアとともにニューヨークでダダの運動を展開し，21年パリに移住してその運動を推進した。 22年にカメラを用いない写真レイヨグラフの作品を発表し，また前衛映画『理性にかえる』 (1923) ，『エマク・バキア』 (26) を制作，写真と映画の分野での新しい可能性を開拓した。絵画のほか，アイロンの底に押しピンを張付けた『アイロン』 (21) などのオブジェ，コラージュ，版画も多い。 40～51年ハリウッドに住み，その後再びパリで活躍。 63年自叙伝『自画像』 Self portraitを著わした。

レイ
Rey

ライ Rayyともいう。イラン中央北部，テヘラン州の遺跡。テヘラン南東に隣接する。古くはラガ (ラテン語でラーガエ) と呼ばれ，ペルシアの大都市の一つであった。定住地としての歴史は前3千年紀にさかのぼる。ゾロアスター教の聖典アベスタに聖地として記述されており，旧約聖書外典の一つ『トビト書』中にも言及されている。 641年にアラブ人に占領されたが，8世紀にはカリフ，マフディー (在位 775～785) の支配下で，西アジアではダマスカス，バグダードに匹敵する重要性を取戻し，煉瓦と青い彩色陶器 (ファイアンス) で飾られた建物の並ぶ美しい町であった。 12世紀に衰え，1220年にモンゴル軍にほぼ完全に破壊された。かつては芸術的な絹織物で知られた。隣接する新市街は現在テヘラン市に含まれている。

レイ
Rej， Mikołaj

[生]1505. ジュラウノ
[没]1569. レヨウェッツ
ポーランドの作家。「ポーランド文学の父」と称され，詩人 J.コハノフスキとともに 16世紀の「黄金時代」を代表する。小貴族の家に生れ，クラクフ，リボフに学んだ。作品はおもにヒューマニズムに貫かれた教訓的なものが多い。第一作の『領主と村長と主任司祭の短い対話』 Krótka rozprawa między trzema osobami-Panem，Wójtem i Plebanem (1543) は 2113行の詩的な会話形式で社会関係を風刺したもの。ほかに『ユダヤ人の家に生れたユゼフの生活』 żywot Józefa z pokolenia żydowskiego (45) などがある。

レイ
Lay， Horatio Nelson

[生]1840. ロンドン
[没]?
イギリスの清国総税務司，明治初期の対日事業家。 1859年清国政府に雇われ総税務司となった。太平天国の乱が起ると，北京政府の要請でオズボーン大佐と協力してレイ＝オズボーン艦隊を編成したが，清朝の指揮下におこうとしなかったため，総税務司を罷免された。明治2 (1869) 年7月清国で成功しなかった鉄道，電信建設の請負を目的に来日，東京－横浜の鉄道建設事業を日本政府から委任され，11月 100万ポンドをロンドンで起債したが，翌3年日本政府より解約された。

レイ
Ley， Hans Christian Clausen

[生]1828.3.30. コペンハーゲン
[没]1875.12.19. コペンハーゲン
デンマークの画家。風俗画や肖像画を数多く制作。 18世紀のコスチュームを着けた人物たちを町並みに登場させた風俗表現によって知られた。主要作品は『自画像』 (1857，フレデリクスボルク美術館) 。

出典　ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典について　情報

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