A fraction obtained by distilling coal tar at 300-360℃. The yield of this fraction is about 10-20% of the total tar. It is also called green oil because it fluoresces and has a yellow-green color. It has a specific gravity of 1.075 or more (15.5℃). It contains 5-10% anthracene, carbazole, phenanthrene, etc. When cooled, anthracene and other substances precipitate at room temperature. This is called anthracene cake, and is used as a raw material for anthracene, carbazole, etc. The remaining oil, after anthracene and carbazole are removed by centrifugation, is used as creosote oil, a wood preservative, and fuel. In Japan, dibenzo-a,h-anthracene, benzo-a-anthracene, and benzo-a-pyrene were designated as harmful substances in the Law Concerning the Control of Household Products Containing Harmful Substances in 2004, and it was decided that the concentration of these substances in household preservatives should be kept below 10 ppm. Creosote oil contains these compounds, so this regulation applies, and the concentration of these compounds in wood that has been treated with these preservatives to prevent preservation and insects has also been regulated. The use of creosote oil is also regulated in the EU (European Union). [Masahiro Hirota] [Reference items] | | | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
コールタールを蒸留して300~360℃の範囲で得られる留分。タール全量に対する収率は約10~20%程度である。蛍光を発し黄緑色を呈するので緑油(りょくゆ)ともよばれる。比重1.075以上(15.5℃)。5~10%のアントラセンのほかカルバゾール、フェナントレンなどを含有する。冷却すると常温でアントラセンなどを析出する。これをアントラセンケーキといい、アントラセン、カルバゾールなどの原料となる。遠心分離などによりアントラセン、カルバゾールなどを回収した残りの油はクレオソート油として、木材防腐剤、燃料などに用いられる。日本では、2004年(平成16)にジベンゾ-a,h-アントラセン、ベンゾ-a-アントラセン、ベンゾ-a-ピレンが「有害物質を含有する家庭用品の規制に関する法律」で有害物質に指定されたために、家庭用防腐剤に含まれるこれらの物質の濃度を 10ppm 以下にするように定められた。クレオソート油はこれらの化合物を含有するのでこの規制が適用され、さらにこれらの防腐剤で処理した防腐・防虫木材についても含有濃度の規制ができた。クレオソート油の使用はEU(ヨーロッパ連合)でも規制されている。 [廣田 穰] [参照項目] | | | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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