Snowplow - Snowplow

Japanese: 除雪車 - じょせつしゃ
Snowplow - Snowplow

Snow removal vehicles. This article describes railroad vehicles. Depending on the amount of snow and the condition of the tracks, snowplows, rotary snowplows, and other types are used.

During the days of steam locomotives, snowplows were independent vehicles (freight cars) that were coupled to the front of the locomotive and pushed from behind. From around 1961, diesel locomotives became more common, and locomotives equipped with snowplows or rotary snowplows (attached devices equipped with bogies) began to appear and dominate. Small snowplows that are made by attaching snowplows to track maintenance motor cars also appeared and are used to clear snow in station premises and other areas.

(1) Snowplow Single-track vehicles use a large snowplow (also called a snowplow) at the front and rear wings to push snow to the left and right, and can clear snow at speeds of 30 to 40 kilometers per hour or more. Snowplows used on double-track sections have movable front wings attached to the snowplow at the front, which pushes snow to the left. Snowplows (double-headed snowplows) have appeared and are now the mainstream, with snowplows attached to both ends of the locomotive, eliminating the need to change direction on a turntable when turning around. Because they are relatively fast at clearing snow, they are used first when it snows. However, if the snowplow is used repeatedly, the snow that has been cleared forms walls on both sides of the track, making it impossible to clear the snow with the snowplow. Rotary snowplows are used in such cases or when the snow is very deep.

(2) Rotary snowplows: These sweepers spread the snow collecting blades at the front to collect snow, which is then sent into the blower case by the impeller, and the snow is then thrown to the left and right by the snow plow. Some models have a rotating snow plow that allows the user to choose the direction and distance of snow to be thrown over a wide range of 180 degrees from the front. The speed at which the rotary snowplow operates during snow removal is slow, at 5 to 10 kilometers per hour (or even slower depending on the amount of snowfall), and the tracks are closed for long periods of time, making it very difficult to decide when to deploy the rotary snowplow.

[Nobutaka Fukuda]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

除雪作業を行う車両。本項目では、鉄道の車両について記述する。積雪の状況、線路の状態によってラッセル式除雪車、ロータリー式除雪車などが使い分けられている。

 蒸気機関車の時代は、除雪車はそれ自体が独立した車両(貨車)で、機関車の前に連結し、後押しされて使用されていた。1961年(昭和36)ころからディーゼル機関車が普及し、機関車にラッセルやロータリー式の除雪装置(台車を装備した付属装置)を取り付けたものが出現し、主流を占めるようになった。また、保線用のモーターカーに除雪装置を取り付けた小型除雪車も出現し、駅の構内などの除雪に活躍している。

(1)ラッセル式除雪車 単線型は前頭部の大型のスノープロー(排雪板。スノープラウともいう)とそれに続く後翼によって雪を左右に跳ね飛ばす形式で、毎時30~40キロメートル以上の走行速度で除雪する。複線区間で使用するラッセル式除雪車は、前頭のスノープローに可動式の前翼を取り付け、雪を左側に跳ね飛ばすようになっている。機関車の両端にラッセル式除雪装置を取り付け、折り返し時に転車台で方向転換する手間を省いたラッセル式除雪車(両頭式ラッセル)が出現し、主流を占めている。除雪作業速度が比較的速いため、降雪時にまず先に使用される。しかし、ラッセルを繰り返し使用していると、除雪された雪が線路の両側で壁になり、ラッセル除雪ができなくなってしまう。そのような場合や積雪が非常に深くなった場合に使用されるのがロータリー式除雪車である。

(2)ロータリー式除雪車 前頭部のかき寄せ翼を広げて雪をかき込み、かき寄せ車で雪を羽根車室(ブロアケース)の中に送り込み、羽根車によって投雪筒で雪を左右に投雪する形式である。投雪筒を回転させ、前方から180度の広範囲で投雪方向と距離を選べるものもある。除雪作業を行う際の走行速度は毎時5~10キロメートルと遅く(積雪量によってはそれ以下)、線路を長時間封鎖してしまうので、ロータリー式除雪車投入時期の選定は非常にむずかしい。

[福田信毅]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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