Dark current - andenryu (English spelling) dark current

Japanese: 暗電流 - あんでんりゅう（英語表記）dark current

When a voltage is applied to an electrical element such as a semiconductor that exhibits the photoelectric effect, a current flows even without irradiating it with light due to thermal causes, poor insulation, crystal defects, etc. When light is applied, a current of I _L + I ₀ flows, of which I ₀ is the dark current and I _L is the increment in current caused by irradiating it with light, and is called the photocurrent. In photoelectric elements, the dark current is the major factor that determines the lower limit of light detection sensitivity.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

光電効果を示す半導体などの電気素子に電圧を加えたときに，熱的原因，絶縁不良，結晶欠陥などによって光を当てないでも流れる電流。光を当てたとき I_L＋I₀ の電流が流れるが，このうち I₀ が暗電流で，I_L は光を当てることによって生じた電流の増分で，光電流という。光電素子においては，暗電流が光検出感度の下限を決める大きな要因である。

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