The Jingxiang Rebellion

Japanese: 荆襄の乱 - けいじょうのらん

A peasant rebellion that took place in the mountainous region of northwestern Hubei Province in the middle of the Ming Dynasty in China. Jingxiang is an abbreviation for the region's central cities of Jingzhou and Xiangyang. In the middle of the Ming Dynasty, contradictions in various areas began to become apparent. The burden of taxes and forced labor increased, while the payment of taxes in silver progressed. However, in rural areas that had not yet escaped the realm of a material economy, the result of being caught up in the silver economy was that the peasants became increasingly stratified, and many peasants who could no longer endure the state's exploitation and the oppression of commercial loan sharks abandoned their homes and became refugees. The refugees concentrated in the Jingxiang region, where feudal governance was underdeveloped and uncultivated wilderness remained, and began to cultivate the mountains.

Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information

Japanese:

中国，明代の中期に湖北省北西部の山岳地帯を中心に展開した農民反乱。荆襄とはこの地域の中心都市荆州･襄陽の略称。明代も中期になると各方面の矛盾が顕在化してきた。租税･徭役の負担が増加する一方，租税の銀納化がすすんだ。しかし現物経済の域をまだ脱していなかった農村部では，銀経済にまきこまれた結果，農民の階層分化が進み，国家の収奪と商業高利貸資本の圧迫にたえきれなくなった農民は多く家をすてて流民となった。流民たちは封建的支配組織が未発達で，未墾の原野の残っていた荆襄地帯に集中し，山地の開墾を始めた。

出典　株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について　情報

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