Austrian composer. Spent his whole life in Vienna. In 1808, at the age of 11, he was accepted as a choirboy at the Royal Chapel, and studied music at the National Seminary. Under the guidance of the court conductor Salieri, his precocious talent blossomed, and at the age of 17, he completed Symphony No. 1 (1813), and the following year, 1814, he completed lieds such as Gretchen Spinning, The Wild Rose, and Erlkönig (all with poems by Goethe). He quickly showed his natural talent as a song composer. From then on, apart from helping out at the elementary school run by his father and working as a music tutor for the Esterházy family, he made a living solely through composition. He is considered the last great composer of the Viennese classical period (see Classical music), but his symphonies and chamber music also have distinctive characteristics that are linked to the romantic music of Schumann and others, and his many lieds became the source of a rich vein of German lied that would later be followed by H. Wolf and others. His representative works include Piano Quintet: The Trout (around 1819), Unfinished Symphony (1822), song cycle: The Beautiful Mill Girl (1823), String Quartet: Death and the Maiden (1824), Symphony: The Great (1825-1826, premiered in 1839), song cycle: Winterreise (1827), String Quintet (1828), and song cycle: Swan Song (published in 1829). He also left behind many other masterpieces, including chamber music, piano sonatas, piano solo pieces such as Fantasia in C major (Wanderer Fantasia) and Moments Musicaux, and masses. He died at the age of 31 from typhoid fever. The works are generally given the Deutsch number (abbreviated as D), which is the chronological order of composition, as determined by the Austrian musicologist OE Deutsch (1883-1967), in addition to the opus number (Op.). → Arpeggione/Löwe → Related topics Song book | Uhland | Ecossaise | Christian music | Claudius | Dieskau | Deschamps | Norman | Swan song | Ballad | Leipzig Gewandhaus Orchestra | Romanticism Source : Heibonsha Encyclopedia About MyPedia Information |
オーストリアの作曲家。ウィーンで一生を送る。1808年,11歳で王室礼拝堂の少年聖歌隊員に採用され,国立神学校で音楽を学ぶ。宮廷楽長サリエリにも指導を受けてその早熟な才能を開花させ,17歳で《交響曲第1番》(1813年)を,さらに翌1814年にかけて《糸を紡ぐグレートヘン(グレートヒェン)》《野ばら》《魔王》(以上,詩はゲーテ)などのリートを完成。歌曲作曲家としての天性の資質を早くも示した。以後,父の経営する初等学校の手伝いやエステルハージ伯家での音楽家庭教師以外は,もっぱら作曲によって生計を立てた。ウィーン古典派(古典派音楽参照)の最後の大作曲家とみなされるが,その交響曲や室内楽にはシューマンらのロマン派音楽に連なる特質も際立ち,また数多くのリートはのちのH.ウォルフらに至るドイツ・リートの豊かな水脈の源流となった。代表作として,《ピアノ五重奏曲・鱒》(1819年ころ),《未完成交響曲》(1822年),歌曲集《美しき水車小屋の娘》(1823年),《弦楽四重奏曲・死と少女(死と乙女)》(1824年),交響曲《ザ・グレート》(1825年−1826年,初演1839年),歌曲集《冬の旅》(1827年),《弦楽五重奏曲》(1828年),歌曲集《白鳥の歌》(出版1829年)などが広く知られ,ほかにも数多くの室内楽曲やピアノ・ソナタ,《幻想曲ハ長調(さすらい人幻想曲)》《楽興の時》などのピアノ独奏曲,ミサ曲などの名作を残した。チフスのため31歳で夭折(ようせつ)。作品には,オーストリアの音楽学者O.E.ドイッチュ〔1883-1967〕による作曲年代順のドイッチュ番号(略してD)が作品番号(Op.)と一般に併用される。→アルペッジョーネ/レーウェ →関連項目歌の本|ウーラント|エコセーズ|キリスト教音楽|クラウディウス|ディースカウ|デシャン|ノーマン|白鳥の歌|バラード|ライプチヒ・ゲバントハウス管弦楽団|ロマン主義 出典 株式会社平凡社百科事典マイペディアについて 情報 |
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