The right of citizens to demand that the state grant them certain benefits. It is one of the categories when fundamental human rights are broadly categorized from the perspective of the relationship between the state and the people, and corresponds to freedom rights, suffrage, and social rights. While freedom rights are negative rights that exclude interference from state power, the right to receive benefits is a positive right of each individual to demand the provision of certain benefits from the state based on the positive status of the citizen (= the right to claim state affairs), and the state bears corresponding obligations. However, the realization of such rights requires the enactment of laws. In the current Constitution, these rights include the right to petition (Article 16), the right to a trial (Article 32), the right to claim state compensation (Article 17), and the right to claim criminal compensation (Article 40). [Takao Sasaki] [Reference] | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
国民が国家に対して、一定の利益を受けることを要求する権利。基本的人権を、国家と国民の関係という観点から大別したときの範疇(はんちゅう)の一つであり、自由権、参政権、社会権に対応する。自由権が国家権力の干渉を排除する消極的な権利であるのに対して、受益権は、国民の積極的地位に基づいて、国家に対し一定の利益供与を求める各人の積極的な権利(=国務請求権)であり、国家はこれに応じた義務を負う。しかし、その権利の実現には法律の制定が必要とされている。現行憲法では、請願権(16条)、裁判を受ける権利(32条)、国家賠償請求権(17条)および刑事補償請求権(40条)がこれにあたっている。 [佐々木髙雄] [参照項目] | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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