Al-Jāḥiẓ, Abū `Uthmān `Amr ibn Baḥr al-Kinānī

Japanese: ジャーヒズ（英語表記）al-Jāḥiẓ， Abū `Uthmān `Amr ibn Baḥr al-Kinānī

[Born] 776, Basra
Died in 868/869. A Basra Arab writer and thinker. He lived for many years in Baghdad and Samarra after the Abbasid Caliph Ma'mun. He is one of the leading prose writers in the history of Arabic literature, and also established his own theories in Islamic theology. He was well versed in literature and had a strong desire to explore all aspects of society and nature. He is said to have written about 200 books, but only a portion of them remain today. The largest of these are Kitāb al-ḥayawān (Book of Animals) (7 volumes), Kitāb al-bayān wa'l-tabyīn (Elegance of Expression and Clarity of Explanation) (4 volumes), and Kitāb al-bukhālā' (Book of Misers) (1 volume). He also wrote a collection of interesting essays (ri'sāla) from the viewpoints of ethnology, zoology, and botany. He is also one of the representatives of the medieval literary genre known as "adab."

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

[生]776頃.バスラ
[没]868/869. バスラ
アラブの文学者，思想家。アッバース朝のカリフ，マームーン以後のバグダードやサーマッラーで長年暮らした。アラビア文学史上第一級の散文作家で，イスラム神学でも独自の学説を立てた。広く文献に通じたほか，社会，自然のあらゆる方面に強い探究心をいだいた。著書は約 200といわれるが，現存するのはその一部にすぎない。『動物の書』 Kitāb al-ḥayawān (7巻) ，『表現の優美さと説明の明快さ』 Kitāb al-bayān wa'l-tabyīn (4巻) ，『けちんぼどもの書』 Kitāb al-bukhālā' (1巻) などは最も大きなもので，ほかにも民族学，動植物学その他の見地から興味深いエッセー (リサーラ) を集めたものなどがある。「アダブ」という中世の文学ジャンルの代表者の一人でもある。

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