A machine used in patterned weaving, and the fabric produced using it. They are also called jacquard machines and jacquard weaving, respectively. A jacquard machine can raise each heald (a machine that divides the warp threads into upper and lower threads to make it easier to insert the weft threads) one by one, and uses pattern paper to freely raise the warp threads and create a shuttle. This allows any weave or pattern to be woven. It was invented by the Frenchman Jacquard and exhibited at the 1801 Industrial Exhibition in Paris. Since then, it has become possible to automatically weave patterned weaving, which was previously extremely labor-intensive, and produce patterned fabrics cheaply. Examples of fabrics made using this machine include patterned crepe, patterned habutae, patterned satin, and donsu. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
紋織に使用される装置の一つ,およびそれを使用して製作した織物のこと。それぞれ,ジャカード機,ジャカード織ともいう。ジャカード機は,綜絖 (そうこう。経糸を上下に分け,緯糸を入れやすいようにしたもの) を1本ずつ引上げることができ,紋紙を利用し経糸を自由に引上げて,杼 (ひ) 口をつくる。これによってどんな組織,模様でも織ることができる。フランスの J.ジャカールの考案になり,1801年パリの産業博覧会に出品された。それ以後,極度に手数のかかる紋織を自動的に織れるようになり,紋織布を安価に生産できるようになった。織物としては,紋縮緬 (ちりめん) ,紋羽二重,紋繻子,緞子などがある。
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