Wien's Displacement Law

Japanese: ウィーンの変位則 - うぃーんのへんいそく(英語表記)Wien's displacement law
Wien's Displacement Law

This law states that the wavelength (λ max ) at which the energy density radiated from a black body at absolute temperature T is maximum is inversely proportional to T. It was derived in 1893 by Wien based on thermodynamics. If absolute temperature is T (K) and the wavelength at which the radiant energy density is maximum is λ max (centimeters), then

It can be expressed as follows, where 0.2898 is the proportionality constant.

Therefore, by measuring the wavelength at which the radiated energy density is at its maximum, the temperature of the object can be determined. This is an important method for accurately measuring the temperature of high-temperature objects such as blast furnaces when it is not possible to measure the temperature directly. The higher the temperature, the shorter the wavelength of radiation, and at the surface temperature of the sun (about 5780K), it is 500 nanometers.

[Masashi Yamamoto July 16, 2021]

[References] | Vienna | Black body | Absolute temperature | Thermodynamics

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

絶対温度Tの黒体から放射される、エネルギー密度が最大になる波長(λmax)が、Tに反比例するという法則。1893年にウィーンが熱力学をもとに導いた。絶対温度をT(K)、放射エネルギー密度が最大になる波長をλmax(センチメートル)とすると

と表される。0.2898は比例定数である。

 このことから、放射されるエネルギー密度が最大になる波長を測定することにより、その物体の温度が判明する。直接に温度を測定することができない場合、たとえば、溶鉱炉などの高温の物体の温度を正確に測定する際に重要な方法である。温度が高くなるほど放射される波長は短くなり、太陽表面温度(約5780K)では500ナノメートルになる。

[山本将史 2021年7月16日]

[参照項目] | ウィーン | 黒体 | 絶対温度 | 熱力学

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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