Arrow, Kenneth J.

Japanese: アロー（英語表記）Arrow, Kenneth J.

Born: August 23, 1921, New York, New York
[Died]2017.2.21. Palo Alto, California. Economist. Full name Kenneth Joseph Arrow. After graduating from the City University of New York, he studied at Columbia University Graduate School. In his doctoral thesis, Social Choice and Individual Values (1951), he proved the "General Impossibility Theorem," which means that social value judgments obtained by aggregating the individual judgments of society members cannot become democratic social agreements, and made a great impact on economists, political scientists, and sociologists (→ Social Welfare Function). He was an assistant professor, associate professor, and professor at Stanford University from 1949 to 1968, and a professor at Harvard University from 1968 to 1979. He taught at Stanford University again from 1979, and became a professor emeritus at the same university in 1991. He was president of the Econometric Society in 1956. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences in 1972 along with JR Hicks for his contributions to the development of general equilibrium theory and welfare economics. He was president of the American Economic Association in 1973. His major works include Essays in the Theory of Risk Bearing (1971) and General Competitive Analysis (1971, co-authored with F.H. Hearn). He has written numerous books and papers.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

[生]1921.8.23. ニューヨーク，ニューヨーク
[没]2017.2.21. カリフォルニア，パロアルト
アメリカ合衆国の経済学者。フルネーム Kenneth Joseph Arrow。ニューヨーク市立大学を経てコロンビア大学大学院で学び，博士論文『社会的選択と個人的価値』Social Choice and Individual Values（1951）で，社会構成員の個人的判断を集計して得られる社会的な価値判断は，民主主義的な社会的合意とはならないことを意味する「一般不可能性定理」を証明して経済学者，政治学者，社会学者に大きな衝撃を与えた（→社会的厚生関数）。1949～68年スタンフォード大学助教授・準教授・教授，1968～79年ハーバード大学教授を経て，1979年以降再びスタンフォード大学で教え，1991年同大学名誉教授に就任。1956年計量経済学会会長。一般均衡理論の発展と厚生経済学への貢献により 1972年 J.R.ヒックスとともにノーベル経済学賞受賞。1973年アメリカ経済学会会長。主著『危険負担理論に関する論文集』Essays in the Theory of Risk Bearing（1971），『一般均衡分析』General Competitive Analysis（1971，F.H.ハーンとの共著）など著書，論文多数。

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