A political exile system in Russia. It existed since the time of Grand Prince Ivan III of Moscow (1462-1505), but in the 16th and 17th centuries, most exiles were to European Russia, and exile to Siberia was very rare. In the 18th century, linked to the development of Siberia's resources, exiles to Siberia for the purpose of colonization and forced labor became more common. A law of 1760 allowed landowning nobles to forcibly move their serfs to Siberia without trial, and a further law of 1765 gave them the right to sentence their serfs to Siberian imprisonment. Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information |
ロシアにおける政治的流刑制度。すでにモスクワ大公イワン3世の時代(1462‐1505)から存在したが,16~17世紀にはヨーロッパ・ロシアへの流刑が多く,シベリア流刑はごくまれであった。18世紀になるとシベリアの資源の開発と結びついて,植民や強制労働を目的とするシベリア流刑が多くなった。1760年の法律により地主貴族は自分の農奴を裁判にかけることなくシベリアに強制移住させることが認められたが,さらに65年の法は彼らに農奴をシベリア徒刑にする権利を与えた。
出典 株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について 情報 |
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