Canfieldite

Japanese: カンフィールド鉱 - かんふぃーるどこう(英語表記)canfieldite
Canfieldite

A complex sulfide of silver (Ag) and tin (Sn). It is also known as ryushaku ginjo (sulfur tin ore) in Japanese. It is a tin-substituted form of its germanium (Ge)-substituted form, argyrodite (chemical formula Ag 8 GeS 6 ), so when it is called sulfogenous germanite, it is used as a pair. Although pseudo-octahedral and pseudo-rhombic dodecahedral forms are known to be euhedral, they are rare. It is often irregularly shaped and occurs surrounded by other silver minerals.

It occurs in deep to epithermal gold and silver deposits or copper, zinc and lead deposits, and is often found in high-grade silver ores. It is the third most abundant silver sulfide mineral after goethite and argillite. In Japan, it has been found in the Omi-dani Mine (closed) in Shiso City, Hyogo Prefecture, the Ikuno Mine (closed) in Asago City, Hyogo Prefecture, and the Ashio Mine (closed) in Nikko City, Tochigi Prefecture. Coexisting minerals include brittle silver, pyrargyrite, polybasite, goethite, argyrite, cassiterite, pyritite, stannite, arsenite, pyrite, marcasite, pyrrhotite, sphalerite, galena, quartz, and calcite.

It is identified as follows: It is as brittle as brittle silverite, more reddish than pure steel grey, and purplish blue when rusted. Its streaks are jet black. Because it is brittle, the resulting powder is larger, forming slightly shiny streaks. At first glance, its shape resembles the octahedral goethite, but goethite does not break into powder when touched with a needle, whereas canfieldite crumbles brittlely.

It is named after Frederick Alexander Canfield (1849-1926), an American mining engineer and mineral collection owner.

[Akira Kato February 17, 2016]

[References] | Ashio mine | Ikuno mine | Euhedral | Striated | Argentite | Substitute [Supplementary information] | Canfieldite (data note)

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

銀(Ag)およびスズ(Sn)の複硫化物。硫錫(りゅうしゃく)銀鉱という和名もある。これはそのゲルマニウム(Ge)置換体アージロド鉱argyrodite(化学式Ag8GeS6)のスズ置換体であるため、これを硫ゲルマン銀鉱とよぶ場合には対をなす形で用いられる。自形は擬正八面体や擬斜方十二面体のものが知られているが、まれである。多く不定形で他の銀鉱物に囲まれて産する。

 深~浅熱水性鉱脈型金・銀鉱床あるいは銅・亜鉛・鉛鉱床中に産し、高品位銀鉱石中にみられることが多い。普通に産する硫化銀鉱物では針銀鉱、アージロド鉱に次いで高い銀品位を示す種である。日本では、兵庫県宍粟(しそう)市大身谷(おおみだに)鉱山(閉山)、同朝来(あさご)市生野(いくの)鉱山(閉山)、栃木県日光市足尾(あしお)鉱山(閉山)などから顕微鏡で確認できる大きさのものが確認されている。共存鉱物は、脆銀(ぜいぎん)鉱、濃紅銀鉱、ポリバス鉱(雑銀鉱)、針銀鉱、銀安四面銅鉱、錫(すず)石、黄錫鉱、褐錫鉱、硫砒(りゅうひ)鉄鉱、黄鉄鉱、白鉄鉱、磁硫鉄鉱、閃(せん)亜鉛鉱、方鉛鉱、石英、方解石など。

 同定は以下による。脆銀鉱なみのもろさ、混じり気のない鋼灰色より赤味がかかり、さびると青紫味がかかる。条痕(じょうこん)は真っ黒。もろいため、生じた粉末が大きめになり、やや光沢のある条痕となる。形態は一見、正八面体の針銀鉱に似るが、針で触ると針銀鉱は粉末にならず、カンフィールド鉱はもろく壊れる。

 アメリカの鉱山技師で鉱物コレクションの所有者でもあったフレデリック・アレグザンダー・カンフィールドFrederick Alexsander Canfield(1849―1926)にちなんで命名された。

[加藤 昭 2016年2月17日]

[参照項目] | 足尾鉱山 | 生野鉱山 | 自形 | 条痕 | 脆銀鉱 | 置換体[補完資料] | カンフィールド鉱(データノート)

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