Automatic musical instrument - mechanical (musical) instrument

Japanese: 自動楽器 - じどうがっき(英語表記)mechanical (musical) instrument 英語
Automatic musical instrument - mechanical (musical) instrument

A general term for musical instruments that are played by mechanical devices, without direct human involvement. Until the 19th century, automatic musical instruments had a mechanism in which pins set in the cylinder were rotated by hand, clockwork, or wind, which moved the lever to play various instruments. The oldest automatic musical instrument was the carillon, which was already playing automatically in the 14th century. After the 16th century, automatic organs and virginals became popular. Automatic organs were also used in churches in England in the 18th and 19th centuries, and in the 19th century, a mechanism using rolled paper was invented. This mechanism uses paper with holes punched in it according to the pitch and length of the sound to interrupt the flow of air, and uses the air pressure to play the instrument, which has the advantage of not being limited by playing time. In the early 20th century, an automatic piano that could record actual performances was also developed. In Japan, a paper-rolled paper-based paper-reeded paper-hollow harp (shikokin) was made during the Meiji period.

[Maekawa Haruhisa]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

人間が直接には演奏に関与せず、機械装置によって演奏される楽器の総称。19世紀までの自動楽器は、円筒を手や時計仕掛け、風力などで回転させることで、円筒に植えられたピンがてこを動かし、各種楽器を鳴らす仕組みになっていた。もっとも古いものはカリヨンで、14世紀にはすでに自動演奏されている。16世紀以降は自動のオルガンやバージナルが愛好された。自動オルガンは18~19世紀にイギリスの教会でも使われ、19世紀にはロール紙を用いた機構が発明された。これは、音の高さと長さに応じた穴があけられた紙を送って空気の流れを断続させ、空気の圧力を利用して楽器を演奏する仕組みで、演奏時間が制約されない利点をもつ。20世紀初頭には、実際の演奏を記録できる自動ピアノも開発された。日本では、明治時代にリードを使ったロール紙式の紙腔琴(しこうきん)がつくられた。

[前川陽郁]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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