Effective value

Japanese: 実効値 - じっこうち(英語表記)effective value
Effective value

A value that expresses the strength of a changing AC current or voltage using the strength of a DC current or voltage. It is abbreviated as RMS. The strength of AC current or voltage is not constant, but changes periodically over time. Therefore, there is a method of expressing the strength of AC current by the strength of the DC current when AC and DC currents are separately passed through the same resistor and the power consumed in the resistor is equal. The value of AC current expressed in this way is called the effective value. The effective value of AC voltage is also defined in a similar way. The effective value is equal to the square root of the square of the instantaneous value of the voltage or current that changes periodically, averaged over one cycle. The effective value of a sinusoidal AC voltage or current is equal to 1/the maximum value. It is also customary to express sinusoidal AC voltage and current in effective values. For example, a voltage of 100 volts AC used at home has an effective value of 100 volts, and a maximum value of about 140 volts.

[Madashi Fuse and Masazumi Yoshizawa]

[Reference item] | AC | Apparent power

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

変化する交流電流・電圧の強さを、直流電流・電圧の強さを用いて表す値。RMSと略される。交流の電流や電圧はその強さが一定ではなく、時間とともに周期的に変化している。そこで、同一の抵抗に交流電流および直流電流を別々に流し、抵抗中で消費される電力が等しいときの直流電流の強さで交流電流の強さを表す方法がある。この表し方による交流電流の値を実効値という。交流電圧についても同じような方法により実効値を定義してある。実効値は、周期的な変化をする電圧または電流の瞬時値の2乗を1周期にわたって平均した値の平方根に等しい。正弦波交流の電圧や電流の実効値は最大値の1/に等しい。また正弦波交流の電圧や電流は、実効値で表すのが習慣となっている。たとえば家庭で使用している交流100ボルトの電圧とは、実効値が100ボルトのことであり、最大値は約140ボルトである。

[布施 正・吉澤昌純]

[参照項目] | 交流 | 皮相電力

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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