A field of study that studies and develops techniques to artificially manipulate cells to change their genetic or physiological functions. It has two aspects: it is carried out as a means of fundamental research to elucidate the functions of cells, and it is used for applied purposes such as the production of useful substances such as medicines and the improvement of animal and plant varieties. Methods of manipulation include cell fusion, gene injection into cells, and cell culture. Examples of applications include the production of monoclonal antibodies using hybrid cells made by fusing animal B cells (cells that produce immune antibodies) with certain cancer cells, the cultivation of hybrid plants by fusing plant cells, the improvement of various mushrooms, and the improvement of microorganisms for brewing. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
細胞に人為的操作を加えて,その遺伝的あるいは生理的な機能を改変する技術を研究,開発する学問分野。細胞の機能を解明する基礎的研究の手段として行われる場合と,医薬品など有用物質の生産や,動植物の品種改良といった応用的利用の2つの側面がある。操作の方法としては,細胞融合,細胞への遺伝子注入,細胞培養などがある。応用例として,動物のB細胞 (免疫抗体をつくる細胞) とある種の癌細胞を融合させた雑種細胞を用いた単クローン抗体の生産,植物細胞の融合による雑種植物の育成,各種キノコ類の改良,醸造用微生物の改良などがある。
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